EU Bets on Carbon Credits: Bold 2040 Climate Target Adds Global Twist

Jennifer L
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EU Bets on Carbon Credits: Bold 2040 Climate Target Adds Global Twist

The European Commission (EC) recently proposed a bold climate target: reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 compared to 1990 levels. For the first time, the plan allows up to 3% of this reduction to come from international carbon credits. This marks a major shift in EU climate strategy—blending domestic action with global cooperation.

Ambitious Goal with New Flexibility: A Shift in the EU’s Climate Strategy

Under the EU’s original plans, all emission cuts had to occur within its borders. Now, the EU will permit a limited share of high-quality international carbon credits, starting in 2036, and no more than 3% of the total 90% target by 2040. This allows the bloc to maintain ambition while offering economic and technical ease for industries under stress.

In announcing the proposal, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called it “a clear, pragmatic and realistic” step. Officials say that allowing member states some flexibility sends a good message. This approach benefits both local industries and global climate partners.

The Commission states that with the new proposed target, the EU is:

“…sending a signal to the global community: it will stay the course on climate change, deliver the Paris Agreement and continue engaging with partner countries to reduce global emissions.”

How the New Framework Works

The new EU climate plan aims to cut net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040, based on 1990 levels. This target includes direct emission cuts, domestic carbon removals, and the use of carbon credits. However, the plan strictly limits the role of international carbon credits.

EU net GHG emissions
Source: European Commission

Starting in 2036, the EU will allow up to 3% of the 90% reduction goal to be met using carbon credits from outside the EU. These credits must meet high-quality standards and undergo transparent monitoring.

SEE MORE: International Carbon Credits Back on the Table? EU’s Climate Goal Gets a Twist

Most emissions reductions need to happen in Europe. This can be done by:

  • Improving energy efficiency,
  • Expanding clean energy,
  • Capturing and storing carbon, and
  • Using sustainable land management practices.

Carbon removal methods—whether through planting trees, improving soil health, or using new technologies—will also play a role. These efforts are already being tracked through the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). It will also govern how domestic carbon removals are counted.

The framework focuses on internal solutions first. It looks at international carbon offsets only after. This way, the EU aims to cut emissions at home before using credits from other countries.

Why Include Carbon Credits?

Ministers from Germany and Poland said the 90% target could hurt the manufacturing, transport, and heating sectors. A 3% international offset helps ease this pressure. It allows the EU to buy emission reductions from projects in developing countries. These projects include forest conservation and cleaner cookstoves.

Supporters see this as a win-win, mixing ambition with resilience. But, scientific advisers warn that these credits might slow down home-grown clean energy efforts. They cautioned: it “might divert resources” if misused.

The Credit Tug-of-War: Flexibility vs. Integrity

The shift has sparked a heated debate. Supporters say carbon credits offer economic flexibility for EU industries. This helps them manage costs and still meet climate goals. The chart below shows the traded volume of voluntary credits that entities used in offsetting emissions.

VCM market size traded volume 2024

Moreover, the credits can provide important funding for emission-reduction projects in developing countries. This helps build global cooperation and solidarity in the fight against climate change.

However, critics warn that past reliance on carbon credits has not always resulted in real emissions cuts. Some projects have been poorly monitored, or overestimated their climate benefits.

They worry that if the EU relies too much on credits, it could slow down important actions at home. This includes growing renewable energy and updating infrastructure.

Scientists and environmental groups stress the need for strict rules. They warn that low-quality or unverified credits can harm public trust. This, in turn, can slow real climate progress.

Colin Roche, from the Friends of the Earth Europe, remarked:

“The European Commission will try to portray this as an ambitious step forward, but the reality is we are fast running out of room to achieve the Paris agreement. This target is in line neither with climate science nor with climate justice.”

To address these concerns, the European Commission plans to introduce a set of EU-wide rules in 2026. These rules will aim to ensure that carbon credits are transparent, traceable to their origin, and meet strong integrity standards. This step helps stop greenwashing. It also ensures that using credits really supports the EU’s climate goals, not just in theory, but in real life.

To prevent abuse, the Commission plans to propose EU-wide rules in 2026, ensuring transparency, clear origins, and high integrity.

What This Means for EU Policy and Global Climate Action

These reforms set the stage for mid-term climate planning ahead of the EU’s 2035 submission under the Paris Agreement, which is due by September.

By promoting a 90% target with a 2036–2040 credit window, the EU signals both ambition and realism. Yet it also underscores that pure domestic reductions remain unpopular among some Member States. Denmark’s climate minister urged not to “stall the green transition” despite pressures for flexibility.

This shift may also impact the EU’s global image. Compared with slower-moving nations, the EU positions itself as a climate leader. However, critics worry that lean credit use could be seen as avoiding internal responsibilities.

For international carbon markets, the EU’s plan is a major boost, potentially adding 140 million tonnes worth of demand by 2040. But sluggish rollout and tight standards may limit near-term impact.

Eyes on 2026: Rules, Votes, and What to Watch

Looking forward, here are some major things to watch as the region continues with this new proposal:

  • Approval Process: The proposal needs approval from the European Parliament and all 27 EU Member States.
  • Credit Rules by 2026: Watch for legislation defining which offset projects meet EU standards—no shortcuts.
  • Member State Limits: Key actions may focus on how countries use credits, for example, in transport versus energy.
  • Future Targets: The 2040 rule will guide the EU’s 2035 climate pledge and set the course toward net-zero by 2050.
  • Industry Response: Some businesses may welcome flexibility with stricter emissions. Others might push for deeper cuts at home.

The EU’s new law is a compromise that balances ambition with adaptability: maintaining momentum while giving industries breathing room. Critics caution that credits must not replace hard-fought investment in domestic clean infrastructure. Ensuring strong governance and transparent carbon credit standards will be key to aligning the EU’s high-level goals with on-the-ground climate action.

As the EU prepares to finalize the law and set its 2035 target, one message is clear: global cooperation will count—but so will cutting emissions at home.

Princeton Study Shows How Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill” Derails U.S. Climate Goals

Jennifer L
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Princeton Study Shows How Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill” Derails U.S. Climate Goals

The recently passed President Donald Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBB) by Congressional Republicans is raising alarms among energy and climate experts. 

According to a report from Princeton University’s REPEAT Project, the sweeping repeal of Biden-era climate legislation could derail the United States’ path to net zero. The analysis finds that the bill, combined with Trump’s planned executive actions, could lead to more than 7 billion tons of additional greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

This marks a sharp reversal from current policy momentum under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which helped push the U.S. toward cleaner energy, lower emissions, and affordable electricity.

What the “One Big Beautiful Bill” Does

The OBBB repeals nearly all clean energy tax credits passed under the IRA. These credits supported wind, solar, battery storage, clean fuels, and electric vehicles. The bill also rescinds billions in unspent funding for clean energy projects from both the IRA and IIJA.

Key actions under OBBB include:

  • Canceling tax incentives for clean electricity, electric vehicles, and green manufacturing.
  • Freezing the use of unspent federal funds for climate programs.
  • Repealing EPA emissions standards and DOE efficiency rules.
  • Rolling back vehicle fuel economy requirements.

In short, OBBB represents a full-scale retreat from the policies that formed the foundation of U.S. climate action over the last few years, per the report findings.

U.S. Emissions Rise Under the Bill

One of the most serious consequences of the OBBB is its impact on U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. According to the REPEAT Project analysis, the rollback of climate policies under the bill will significantly slow down the country’s progress in reducing emissions.

US GHG emissions with OBBB

Under current policies—especially the IRA—the U.S. was on track to reduce its emissions to about 38% below 2005 levels by 2030. This was already falling short of the country’s official Paris Agreement target of a 50–52% reduction by 2030. But under the OBBB, this gap widens even further.

The report estimates that emissions in 2030 will be about 190 million metric tons higher than they would be if current climate policies remained in place. To put that into perspective, that’s roughly equal to the annual emissions of the entire state of New York or the combined emissions of over 40 million gasoline-powered cars.

And the gap continues to grow, as the chart above from the report shows. By 2035, annual emissions could be 470 million metric tons higher under the OBBB pathway. This means more pollution from fossil fuels, more climate-related risks like extreme weather, and a greater burden on future efforts to catch up.

Even more alarming, the cumulative emissions added between now and 2050 could reach over 7 billion metric tons of CO₂. That’s more than the total emissions the entire U.S. economy produces in a single year today. These extra emissions would be very difficult—if not impossible—to offset in time to meet net-zero goals by mid-century.

US emissions in 2035 under OBBB

The increase in GHG emissions comes from several sources as a consequence of the new law:

  • Less clean electricity
  • Slower EV adoption
  • Weaker building and appliance standards
  • Increased industrial emissions

All these factors combined mean that the U.S. will emit more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases than it would have under current climate laws. That means the U.S. would miss its climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, including the nationally determined contribution (NDC) to cut emissions by at least 50–52% by 2030.

Not only that. There are also significant impacts on other areas and sectors involved as follows. 

Costs to Households and the Economy

According to the REPEAT analysis, the bill will increase energy costs for American households and businesses. By 2030, total U.S. energy spending will rise by $28 billion annually, and by 2035, that number could exceed $50 billion per year.

For households, that means higher monthly bills:

  • An increase of $165 per year in 2030, growing to $280 per year in 2035.
  • That’s roughly a 7.5% rise in 2030 and over 13% in 2035 compared to the current policy.

Higher fossil fuel use and slower renewable deployment will lead to more expensive energy systems in the long run.

Clean Energy Development Slows Sharply

The report finds that OBBB will cut cumulative clean energy investment by $500 billion between 2025 and 2035. Solar and wind additions will drop significantly:

  • Nearly 29 gigawatts less solar and 43 gigawatts less wind by 2030.
  • By 2035, clean energy generation will be 820 terawatt-hours lower—equal to the combined output of today’s entire nuclear or coal fleet.

The result: more fossil fuel reliance, slower energy system modernization, and fewer climate benefits.

Battery storage and geothermal will see some growth, but not enough to compensate for the loss of wind and solar momentum. Fossil gas and gas with carbon capture may step in to fill part of the gap, but their emissions profile is still far from net zero.

A separate analysis by Rhodium Group shares similar concerns. It shows that the One Big Beautiful Bill may cut clean energy growth in the U.S. In particular, repealing key clean-energy tax credits could cut new clean power capacity by 57–72% by 2035. It would also put about $522 billion in planned clean energy investments at risk across the U.S.

The Rhodium report further predicts that wind and solar capacity could drop by more than 60% by 2030 compared to what the Inflation Reduction Act projected. Investment uncertainty and the rollback of tax incentives would slow new projects and weaken supply chains.

solar manufacturing capacity with OBBB Rhodium
Source: Rhodium Group

The report also warns that this decline could lead to more fossil fuel use. It might increase electricity costs and make it harder for the U.S. to compete in the global clean energy transition.

Electricity Demand Is Rising — But Clean Supply Shrinks

Another concern raised by the REPEAT Project is that electricity demand is expected to grow 25% from 2024 to 2035, driven largely by AI, data centers, and electric vehicles. This makes clean energy capacity even more urgent.

But under OBBB, clean electricity growth slows, while demand keeps rising. That means more coal and gas could be used to meet growing needs, pushing emissions even higher.

Notably, the report reveals that clean electricity generation will be much lower, like “losing a nuclear fleet’s worth of clean power”.

OBBB losing clean energy generation

Will Carbon Credits Close the Gap?

The rollback also affects carbon markets. By removing incentives for clean energy and low-carbon technologies, the U.S. may rely more on carbon credits and offsets—if at all. However, experts warn this won’t be enough.

Without federal backing, carbon credit markets may shrink in scale and credibility. The U.S. would lack domestic reductions to balance out emissions, and there’s no guarantee that offsets from abroad would meet the needed quality or volume.

And worse, companies may abandon climate targets if federal policies signal that emissions cuts are no longer a priority.

What Happens Next? A Turning Point in U.S. Climate Policy

While the bill passed both chambers of Congress, legal challenges and regulatory battles are expected. Some state governments may double down on their own clean energy programs to fill the gap. However, state efforts alone likely won’t make up for the national rollback.

REPEAT’s modeling shows that even with favorable market trends, federal policy remains critical to accelerating the clean energy transition. The One Big Beautiful Bill represents a sharp reversal in the U.S. clean energy journey.

For now, the new law’s full impact depends on future elections, legal challenges, and how aggressively states and companies react. But the REPEAT findings leave no doubt: the policy shift under OBBB could be a major setback for U.S. climate leadership.

United States Antimony Corporation (NYSE: UAMY) Ramps Up Domestic Mining to Strengthen America’s Supply Chain

Saptakee S
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United States Antimony Corporation (NYSE: UAMY) Ramps Up Domestic Mining to Strengthen America’s Supply Chain

United States Antimony Corporation (NYSE American: UAMY), also called USAC, is quietly bringing antimony mining back to the U.S. The company recently announced that it has started buying land and mining claims near its old smelter in Thompson Falls, Montana. This move could help reduce America’s heavy dependence on foreign sources of antimony.

As global supplies tighten and prices rise, USAC’s return to domestic mining could play a big role in securing this critical mineral, especially since antimony is used in everything from solar panels and batteries to missiles and ammunition.

United States Antimony Corporation (USAC) Restarts Antimony Mining in Montana

Since the start of 2025, USAC has been acquiring mining rights and land close to its antimony smelter in Sanders County, Montana. This site has been home to the company’s smelting operations for decades. In the 1970s, USAC’s earlier leadership had mined antimony from underground veins in the same area.

Mr. Gary C. Evans, Chairman and CEO of USAC, explained elaborately by saying,

“The U.S. Government is continuing to get actively involved in securing North American supply chains of critical minerals, especially antimony. This is due to China’s dominance and embargos initiated last year. Market rules do not apply to national security and China does not play fairly in the global free marketplace as we outlined in our Form 8-K dated June 27, 2025. Governments around the world are finally beginning to understand the need to secure their own supply chains, specifically for critical minerals. There continues to exist a worldwide shortage of this critical material necessary for our Department of Defense.

The significant price increase experienced for worldwide supplies of antimony ore have made this decision to reopen our existing antimony mine adjacent to our smelting operations an easy one. With these mining claims combined with our over 35,000 plus acres of new mining claims located in Alaska, we are the first company to restart mining operations in the United States going back decades. Additionally, we are the first fully integrated antimony company in the world having our own antimony supply and controlling both our own midstream and downstream operations.”

Now, after reviewing old records, maps, and site visits, the company found signs of at least three antimony-rich vein systems. These areas could once again support mining. USAC owns around 24 acres of land and has mining rights to about 1,200 acres in total.

The company plans to restart operations on five acres of patented land, where it’s already allowed to mine under Montana’s Small Miners Exclusion Statement (SMES). A second SMES is expected soon. USAC is also filing for exploration permits with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Forest Service.

This is a big step toward bringing American antimony mining back online right next to the only operating antimony smelter in the U.S.

United states antimony corporation
Source: US Antimony

Why This Montana Smelter Matters

The Thompson Falls smelter is the only antimony smelter still running in the United States. This gives USAC a big advantage. While other companies must import processed antimony, USAC can mine and refine the metal in one place.

The smelter can produce:

  • 15 million pounds of antimony oxide per year, or
  • 5 million pounds of pure antimony metal per year

Antimony oxide is used to make flame-resistant products, such as plastics, paper, rubber, textiles, coatings and paints, fluorescent lights, etc.

USAC also produces antimony trisulfide, used in military gear and ammunition, and processes precious metals and zeolite at its facilities in Mexico and the U.S.

US antimony
Source: US Antimony

Alaska and Canada Add More Strength

US Antimony is also expanding outside Montana. In Alaska, the company holds over 35,000 acres of mining claims. These sites could feed more ore into the Montana smelter and help USAC grow its production capacity.

On June 27, 2025, the company completed a deal to buy the Fostung Properties in Ontario, Canada. This site is rich in tungsten, another important mineral used in military and industrial tools. The property is about 70 kilometers from Sudbury and covers 50 mining claims across 1,114 hectares.

The deal cost only $5 million. The sellers kept a small 0.5% royalty, meaning they earn a bit if minerals are sold. This move helps USAC grow into other critical mineral markets while staying in safe, stable regions like Canada.

What’s Causing the Global Antimony Shortage?

The company notes that right now, the global antimony supply is facing serious problems. For years, China and Russia have controlled most of the world’s antimony. In fact:

  • Over 60% of global antimony ore comes from China and Russia
  • China made over 70% of processed antimony (ATO) up until 2022

Countries with the largest reserves of antimony worldwide as of 2023 (in metric tons)

antimony global
Source: Statista

However, things are changing. In the first half of 2024, China’s exports of antimony dropped by 45%. This is because more of it is being used in the nation to make solar panels, which are in high demand. Also:

  • Chinese ore quality is getting worse
  • New environmental rules make it harder to mine
  • China, despite producing the most antimony, is now a net importer of antimony concentrates

Other countries have very little processing capacity. This makes it difficult for buyers to find reliable, non-Chinese sources of antimony.

Antimony Is a Critical Mineral for the U.S.

The U.S. government has called antimony a critical mineral, especially because of its military uses. Antimony is used in:

  • Ammunition and explosives
  • Infrared-guided missiles
  • Night-vision gear
  • Nuclear weapons
  • Fire-resistant materials
  • Batteries and solar panels

Without it, both the defense and clean energy industries could suffer. That’s why the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Energy (DOE) are pushing for more U.S. production.

antimony market

Trump Speeds Up Mine Permits

To support this effort, the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council announced on April 18 that it will fast-track permits for 10 major U.S. mining projects. Antimony projects were among them.

One of those projects is the Stibnite Gold Project by Perpetua Resources, which has large antimony reserves. The project is now on the Federal Permitting Dashboard, which helps speed up reviews, improve coordination, and make the process more transparent.

The further boosts America’s strategy to boost local mining, especially for minerals needed in defense and clean energy.

Investors Pay Attention as United States Antimony Corporation Stock (UAMY) Rises

Following USAC’s announcements and expansion news, investors reacted. On July 3, 2025, the company’s stock rose 4%, and its market cap reached $258.5 million.

US ANTIMONY STOCK
Source: MarketWatch

Investors see strong potential in domestic antimony production, particularly as global supply shrinks and demand rises. USAC’s low-cost expansion strategy and access to key land and smelting facilities make it an attractive bet in the growing critical minerals market.

With strong assets in Montana, Alaska, and Canada, the company can become a key supplier of antimony and tungsten in North America. The company is rebuilding its operations at a time when global supply chains are weak and prices are rising.

By bringing mining back to Montana, feeding its smelter with local ore, and expanding into new critical minerals, United States Antimony Corporation is helping rebuild America’s mineral independence.

Plug Power Stock Surges as It Sparks Clean Hydrogen Boom with Almost $1.7B DOE Funding

Jennifer L
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Plug Power Stock Surges as It Sparks Clean Hydrogen Boom with Almost $1.7B DOE Funding

Plug Power (NASDAQ: PLUG), a developer of hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzer systems, has seen a renewed wave of investor interest in recent days. Its stock rose, supported by strong trading volume of over 81 million shares. This surge comes after big announcements from the company and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) backing. It may mark a turning point for Plug Power’s clean hydrogen growth.

Plug Power’s role goes beyond financial gains: it is helping build the hydrogen infrastructure needed to support global net-zero goals. Its clean hydrogen and fuel cell technology provides a low-carbon option for transport, logistics, and industry.

With government support and a clear pipeline of green projects, Plug is aiming to help power a net-zero future—one hydrogen molecule at a time.

DOE Loan Boosts Plug’s Green Hydrogen Expansion

Plug Power secured a $1.66 billion conditional loan guarantee from the DOE’s Loan Programs Office. This funding will support the development of up to 6 green hydrogen production plants across the United States.

The DOE’s backing lowers financial risk and strengthens Plug’s ability to scale operations in a capital-intensive market. Its hydrogen expansion plans also help send the company’s stock skyrocketing as seen below. 

PLug power stock price
Source: Yahoo Finance

The first of the six projects is located in Graham, Texas. The facility will run on renewable energy from wind power and use Plug’s in-house electrolyzer technology. Plug will also deploy its own liquefaction systems built in Houston, helping control costs and supply.

As of now, the company produces about 45 tons of liquid hydrogen per day, with capacity expected to grow as new plants come online.

The DOE loan allows Plug to accelerate its green hydrogen network at a lower cost of capital. It also makes the company a key player in the clean energy shift. This is important for tough sectors to decarbonize, like industry and long-haul transport.

Tax Credit Clarity Supports Market Confidence

Plug Power’s outlook also improves because of the new guidance from the U.S. Treasury. This guidance focuses on clean hydrogen tax credits from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). These rules give companies like Plug more flexibility in how they source power for hydrogen production. For example, they allow for different types of renewable energy and other sources such as renewable natural gas or coal mine methane.

With clearer rules in place, Plug and its partners can better plan projects and reduce risks related to compliance and eligibility. The DOE loan, along with clear regulations, is boosting market confidence in Plug Power’s long-term strategy.

Hydrogen Math: How Plug Plans to Slash Carbon Emissions

The global green hydrogen market is valued at around $12.3 billion in 2025 and is expected to grow to nearly $200 billion by 2034, with an annual growth rate of about 41%. Growth is driven by clean energy policies in the U.S., EU, and Asia, along with falling renewable energy costs.

green hydrogen market forecast
Source: Precedence Research

Technologies like proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzers are leading current adoption. Despite higher costs than grey hydrogen, green hydrogen is gaining traction in hard-to-decarbonize sectors like transport and heavy industry.

Plug Power has set ambitious goals for hydrogen production. The company plans to produce 500 tons per day (TPD) of green hydrogen in North America by 2025 and reach 1,000 TPD globally by 2028. These targets support the company’s goal to help decarbonize logistics, transportation, and industrial sectors.

At full scale, these hydrogen volumes can replace large amounts of fossil fuels:

Plug is achieving these results through its expanding production network. It partners with users in shipping, warehousing, and data centers.

Sustainability Strategy and ESG Reporting

Plug Power has made progress in its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) efforts. In its 2023 ESG report, the company confirmed that it has completed its Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions inventory and is starting to track Scope 3 emissions. These steps help in understanding the company’s total carbon footprint. This includes direct operations, the supply chain, and customer use.

PLUG power GHG emissions 2023
Source: Plug Power ESG Report

The company also reports several sustainability-focused actions, including:

  • Using wind and solar energy to power hydrogen plants
  • Recycling precious metals from fuel cells and electrolyzers
  • Treating and reusing wastewater for hydrogen production
  • Designing fuel cells and systems with circular economy principles

Plug has partnered with companies like Johnson Matthey to reduce the amount of rare materials needed in its equipment. This helps lower costs and reduces environmental impact over time. The company is also working on product lifecycle planning to improve repairability and extend equipment use.

Moreover, Plug has joined global net-zero leadership groups. CEO Andy Marsh is part of advisory boards that focus on sustainable energy. These roles reflect the company’s commitment to broader climate and policy goals beyond its direct operations.

Powering Partnerships, From Forklifts to Data Hubs

Plug Power is not just planning projects—it is actively deploying hydrogen solutions across different industries. One recent example is its partnership with Southwire, a major cable and wire producer.

The hydrogen developer is supplying hydrogen-powered forklifts and a fueling station to Southwire. This will help them reduce over 1 million pounds of CO₂ emissions each year at one facility.

The company’s technology is also used in Amazon’s warehouses. There, hydrogen-powered forklifts take the place of traditional fossil-fuel vehicles. These projects show how Plug’s hydrogen systems are already helping reduce emissions in real-world settings.

Risks Remain, But Hydrogen’s Time Has Come—And Plug’s at the Helm

While Plug’s recent gains are promising, the company still faces challenges. Hydrogen production and infrastructure remain expensive, and many customers are early adopters.

The market is also influenced by trade policy and fluctuating costs for equipment and raw materials. Earlier this year, Plug faced cost pressures from having to buy hydrogen on the spot market due to supply shortfalls.

Despite these obstacles, the DOE loan and IRA tax support may help level the playing field. Analysts believe the funding could ease the financial strain of large-scale production and improve Plug’s long-term competitiveness. The company is also focused on improving efficiency and scaling its technology to reduce costs over time.

The company’s environmental goals are also taking shape. Plug is taking action with its ESG reporting, hydrogen targets, and partnerships. They are moving past promises to show real results. From warehouse logistics to industrial transport, Plug’s hydrogen solutions are helping companies reduce emissions today.

As clean energy policies roll out and demand for low-carbon fuels rises, Plug Power could gain an advantage. They are an early mover in green hydrogen. Its vertical integration—from electrolyzer manufacturing to hydrogen delivery—gives it more control over quality, pricing, and reliability.

Why BYD Stock (BYDDY) Is a Long-Term Winner in Clean Energy and EV Markets?

Saptakee S
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Why BYD Stock (BYDDY) Is a Long-Term Winner in Clean Energy and EV Markets?

Investors today are looking for companies that aren’t just talking about change, but are leading in cleaner energy and lower emissions. One company doing exactly that is BYD Company Limited (HKEX: 1211 | OTC: BYDDY).

With record EV sales, strong profits, and real action on sustainability, the Chinese EV maker stands out. In this article, we’ll explain why BYD stock is one of the best sustainable EV stocks to buy and hold for the long term.

BYD’s New Energy Vehicles Hit a New High

In June 2025, BYD made history by selling 382,585 New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) in just one month. That’s the company’s highest monthly total ever and a 12% jump from the same time last year. While growth from May was only 0.03%, it still shows a strong and steady performance.

This sales milestone is more than a number. It proves BYD is leading the clean transportation race. As countries move toward cleaner energy and lower emissions, BYD continues to grow both at home and abroad.

BYD NEV sales
Source: BYD LinkedIn

BYD Builds It All—And That’s a Big Advantage

BYD, aka “Build Your Dreams”, started as a battery company and has since grown into a global name in electric vehicles and clean energy. While many carmakers only joined the EV wave recently, BYD has been working on electric solutions for decades.

One of its biggest strengths is that it makes most of its key parts in-house. The company designs and builds its own batteries (e.g., lithium iron phosphate: LFP batteries), motors, chips, and vehicle platforms. This full control helps BYD avoid supply chain delays and cut costs, while still delivering high quality.

This setup allows the company to launch new products faster and respond quickly to market shifts. When other automakers face delays or cost jumps, BYD keeps moving due to its strong in-house system.

Furthermore, the EV giant is aggressively expanding its global footprint across the U.S., Hungary, Brazil, and Thailand. Its EVs are reaching customers in Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Today, exports make up about 20% of BYD’s NEV sales. As more countries push for cleaner vehicles and tighter emissions rules, BYD is well-positioned to meet that demand.

Driving Toward Net Zero: BYD’s Carbon Commitment

The company aims to cut its carbon intensity by 50% by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2045. It’s already working on this goal by switching to renewable energy and improving factory efficiency.

BYD revealed,

“As of 10 March, 2025, BYD has counterbalanced 86,874,386,498 kg of CO₂, equivalent to the CO₂ absorption of 1,447,906,442 trees”

BYD’s 2024 sustainability report outlines major efforts, including:

  • Using 35% green electricity by 2025

  • Expanding solar power use across its plants

  • Producing only zero-emission vehicles

  • Recycling batteries and finding second-life uses for them

By investing in both clean vehicles and green manufacturing, BYD is creating a full-circle sustainable business model.

byd EMISSIONS
Source: BYD

Solar and Battery Storage Push

BYD isn’t only about vehicles. It also plays a key role in the solar energy and battery storage industries. The company builds everything from solar wafers to full PV modules, offering complete systems for homes, businesses, and power grids.

A recent deal with Saudi Electricity Company shows just how far BYD has come. The two companies signed a contract to build the world’s largest grid-scale energy storage project, with a capacity of 12.5 GWh. That brings their total collaboration in Saudi Arabia to 15.1 GWh—a major win for both BYD and the country’s Vision 2030 goals.

This move highlights BYD’s growing role in the global energy market, beyond just transportation.

Competing and Winning in a Tough EV Market

The EV space is crowded, with companies like Tesla, NIO, and legacy automakers all in the mix. But BYD stands out by growing steadily, even during price wars and economic uncertainty.

Its strong supply chain and smart pricing strategies help the company stay competitive. When others cut prices to chase market share, BYD keeps its margins by relying on its low-cost, in-house production model.

BYD’s ability to adapt quickly to changes in policies, markets, and supply trends shows just how solid its game plan is.

Analysts Say BYD Stock Is a Long-Term Winner

Despite global challenges, BYD’s numbers look strong. As of mid-2025, its market value reached HK$359.45 billion. The company expects 16% sales growth this year, with revenue possibly hitting HK$1.4 trillion.

Earnings per share (EPS) are also climbing. Analysts predict an average EPS of HK$7.20, which is higher than last year. Out of 115 analysts, 106 have rated BYD as a “Buy” or “Strong Buy”—a clear sign of confidence in its future.

Experts believe BYD’s stock has room to grow over the next decade and beyond, and the price projections reflect the company’s ongoing research, innovation, and international growth plans.

byd stock
Source: Yahoo Finance

Beyond EVs: BYD’s Bigger Vision

BYD isn’t just building electric cars. It also makes electric buses, trucks, and even monorail systems. Its SkyRail, a driverless monorail, is already in use in several cities, offering clean urban transit options.

Its all-in-one approach, making batteries, building cars, producing solar panels, and supporting the energy grid, provides a solid base for future growth.

If investors are looking for a stock that blends smart innovation, global reach, and real climate impact, BYD is a top choice. It’s not just about profits, it’s about progress. And BYD is clearly driving both.

Carbon Removal in 2025: Are You Investing in the Right Climate Credits?

Saptakee S
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0
Carbon Removal in 2025: Are You Investing in the Right Climate Credits?

The voluntary carbon market made great strides in early 2025. This is fueled by record credit retirements, a focus on integrity, and increased interest in carbon removals compared to traditional avoidance credits.

We have studied newly published reports from two credible research agencies, namely Sylvera and CEEZER. Both say that organizations are now willing to invest more in credits that deliver real climate impact. Thus, the market is shifting from quantity to quality, and the numbers support this. Let’s deep dive.

Carbon Credit Retirements Reach a New Peak

Carbon credit retirements hit 95 million in the first six months of 2025, the highest total ever recorded for a half-year. This marks a 9% increase compared to H1 2024. More importantly, total retirement value jumped by 32%, indicating that buyers are not just retiring more credits—they’re paying more for the right ones.

This increase reflects a clear preference for verified high-quality credits. Buyers are becoming more selective and placing climate integrity at the forefront.

carbon removal
Source: Sylvera

Supply is Growing, But Demand Is Growing Faster

On the supply side, carbon credit issuances rose to 77 million in Q2 2025, a 39% increase from the previous quarter. This represents a 14% boost compared to Q2 2024.

Yet even with more credits available, retirements continue to outpace issuances. If this trend holds, this year could see negative net issuance for the first time. However, this imbalance can inevitably put pressure on developers to meet demand for high-integrity credits. As companies pursue long-term climate targets, they seek more than low-cost offsets.

carbon credits issuance
Source: Sylvera

Quality Becomes a Core Priority

Data shows buyers are moving up the quality ladder. In H1 2025, 57% of Sylvera-rated credits retired had BB ratings or higher, up from 52% in all of 2024. This shift is driven by better due diligence tools, clearer carbon credit ratings, and initiatives like the ICVCM’s Core Carbon Principles.

Market participants are becoming more informed and aligning purchases with ESG goals, climate science, and regulations. Buyers now choose credits with intention instead of blindly purchasing.

CORSIA Spurs Growth in Compliance-Eligible Credits

The Sylvera report further emphasizes that more than 37% of credits issued in Q2 2025 could be eligible under Phase 1 of CORSIA, the global offsetting scheme for international aviation.

  • This is a notable increase from 28% in the same period of 2024. This alignment with international standards is closing the gap between voluntary and compliance markets.

Full CORSIA eligibility depends on host country authorizations under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The cancellation deadline for Phase 1 is January 2028, and developers are closely watching national authorities’ responses.

The Market Shifts Toward Durable Carbon Removals

One key trend of 2025 is the strong shift toward carbon removals. CEEZER data shows a 102% increase in the share of removal credits transacted compared to last year. Buyers are prioritizing long-term impact over short-term avoidance.

Spending patterns reflect this shift. The average spend per ton across all credit types has more than doubled, rising 2.2 times year-on-year. For removals specifically, prices have increased by 3.2 times. This premium reflects interest in projects with lasting impact, such as biochar, mineralization, and reforestation.

Companies are now focusing on credits in Oxford Category 5, representing durable removals with low reversal risk, rather than Category 4 credits, which carry higher long-term uncertainties.

carbon removal
Source: CEEZER

Nature-Based Credits in Demand, But Supply and Standards Remain a Challenge

Nature-based projects like ARR (Afforestation, Reforestation, and Revegetation) are attracting premium prices. On average, ARR credits are selling for $24 per ton in the primary market. For credits with BBB+ ratings, prices can reach up to $27. However, these credits only make up 3.7% of total retirements, indicating high demand but limited supply.

This supply-demand gap is prompting developers to increase high-quality nature-based removal projects. However, challenges like land access, cost, and long verification timelines still hinder expansion.

Moving on, REDD+ projects, aimed at reducing deforestation and forest degradation, rebounded in Q2 2025. Their share rose from 3% in Q1 to 16%, the highest since Q2 2023. Still, scrutiny remains over outdated REDD+ methodologies, many of which may not meet ICVCM’s integrity standards.

This uncertainty is pushing buyers to explore alternatives like waste management, biogas, and improved forest management, where credibility and transparency are easier to achieve.

North America Leads Issuance Growth

Significantly, North America has become a major player in carbon markets, doubling its share of new issuances to 43% in Q2 2025. This growth propelled the American Carbon Registry (ACR) to the top spot among registries, holding a 33% share. Gold Standard followed at 25%, and Verra at 21%.

This surge reflects stronger project pipelines, clearer regulations, and confidence in the U.S. market’s ability to meet both voluntary and compliance criteria.

Industrial and Commercial Credits Gain Market Share

Carbon credit projects from industrial and commercial sectors are quickly gaining traction. In H1 2025, these projects accounted for 19% of new issuances, up from just 7.9% during the same time in 2024. These include initiatives like refrigerant recovery, methane capture, and energy efficiency upgrades.

These scalable, technology-driven projects are becoming popular alternatives to traditional forestry and land use projects. As demand grows, industrial credits are expected to capture a larger share of the market.

Tech and Services Drive Up Carbon Removal Demand

The CEEZER report also highlighted that professional services and tech sectors are emerging as key players in carbon removal. Professional services firms now account for 24% of the total retirement value in 2025. The tech and IT sector has seen a 61% jump in retirement value for removals, the highest growth rate of any sector this year.

These industries align decarbonization with business values, helping shape the next phase of the market.

Greenhushing Begins to Decline

Many companies used to quietly retire credits. This trend is known as “greenhushing.” However, things are changing. CEEZER’s Greenhushing Index tracks these anonymous retirements. It peaked at 42% during the 2024 U.S. elections. By Q1 2025, it fell to 35% and then to 23% in Q2.

This decline indicates growing buyer confidence. Companies are becoming more transparent, using credit retirements to showcase their climate leadership.

carbon removals
Source: CEEZER

So, Is Integrity the New Standard for the Carbon Market?

Data from H1 2025 shows the carbon market is growing. Buyers are now focusing on credits that offer long-term benefits instead of offsets. With PACM credits coming later this year and high-integrity standards becoming standard, 2025 could establish new benchmarks for credibility and performance.

As demand and quality expectations increase, developers and registries will feel more pressure to deliver. The voluntary carbon market is aligning more with compliance markets. It is becoming a key tool for global climate action.

Allister Furey, CEO at Sylvera, summarized:

“Demand for credits and, in particular, high-quality credits is at an all-time high. At the same time, increasing use of project-based credits in compliance schemes is narrowing the gap between voluntary and compliance markets. Meeting both higher climate integrity standards, as evidenced by ratings, and eligibility criteria for schemes, like CORSIA, is being seen as essential for new projects in development. Market alignment with both integrity and regulatory expectations is starting to unlock the potential of carbon markets to deliver genuine climate impact at lower economic costs.”

If this trend continues, 2025 won’t just break records; it could redefine how the world values the carbon removal market.

Explosive Report Challenges Google’s Emissions Data as Nothing but Greenwashing

Saptakee S
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0
Explosive Report Challenges Google’s Emissions Data as Nothing but Greenwashing

Google has often claimed to be a climate leader. It highlights its use of renewable energy and efficient data centers. In its 2025 sustainability report, the company said it reduced energy emissions from its data centers by 12% in 2024. This was despite the rising demand for AI.

Google Highlights Clean Energy Wins

The tech giant reported that between 2011 and 2024, its clean energy purchases helped avoid an estimated 44 million metric tons of CO₂ emissions. Additionally, it signed contracts for 8 GW of new clean energy and brought 2.5 GW online in 2024 alone. Since 2017, Google says it has matched 100% of its global electricity use with renewable energy.

To strengthen its green credentials, Google also pointed to major hardware advancements. For instance, its Ironwood TPU is reportedly 30 times more energy efficient than earlier models. The company further claimed a sixfold increase in computing power per unit of electricity since 2019.

Moreover, Google has invested in advanced clean energy solutions. Through partnerships focused on small modular nuclear reactors and geothermal energy, it positioned itself as a leader pushing the boundaries of innovation in the clean tech space.

Google clean energy
Source: Google

However, a New Report Tells a Different Story

Despite these claims, a recent report sharply criticizes Google’s environmental impact, raising doubts about the effectiveness and transparency of its climate actions

Kairos Fellowship Report Critiques Google’s “Eco-Failures”

On July 2, 2025, the Kairos Fellowship released a report called Google’s Eco-Failures. It accuses Google of misleading the public about its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Google talks about cutting data center emissions and investing in energy. But the report reveals a different story: emissions are rising, and the accounting is unclear.

Key findings from the report include:

  • GHG emissions increased by 1,515% from 2010 to 2024.

  • Google emitted 21.9 million more metric tons of carbon in 2024 than in 2010.

  • Scope 2 emissions, related to purchased electricity, surged 820% during this time.

  • Scope 3 emissions (from supply chains and product use) remain high, with little transparency.

  • Only Scope 1 emissions (direct operations) showed a slight drop, just 0.31% of total emissions.

According to Kairos, Google’s focus on “market-based emissions,” which depend on renewable energy credits (RECs), hides its rising actual emissions. Instead of making real cuts, the company seems to offset its emissions on paper while expanding energy-intensive AI and cloud computing infrastructure.

Additionally, the team has also incorporated a chart (see below) from Bloomberg in July 2024 that tracks Google’s market-based emissions. It showed the enormous gap between the company’s plan and its reality.

Google emissions
Source: Chart from Kairos Fellowship report, “Google’s Eco-Failures”

AI Growth Fuels Energy Demand and Emissions

One major concern is the environmental impact of Google’s growing artificial intelligence infrastructure. The report links rising emissions to increased power use in data centers for generative AI services like Gemini and Google Cloud AI.

Since 2010, Google’s energy use has jumped by 1,282%, even with improvements in computing efficiency. In real terms, energy use and emissions are rising sharply, casting doubt on Google’s sustainability claims.

The Kairos report warns that efficiency metrics may distract from the real issue: massive energy growth driven by AI.

Google’s Energy Savings Aren’t as Impressive

Google often highlights its PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) improvements. However, the real drop in non-IT energy use happened only in 2011. That year, PUE improved slightly, saving 26.3 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of energy. While it sounds good, it’s small in the bigger picture.

In 2011, Google’s top executives took 491 private jet trips. These flights consumed about 855,000 gallons of jet fuel and burned over 33.8 GWh of energy—more than the energy saved from better PUE. Just by cutting private jet flights, Google could’ve saved more energy.

Simply put, 33.8 GWh equals all the clean energy added to the U.S. power grid in 2023.

google energy
Source: Chart from Kairos Fellowship report, “Google’s Eco-Failures”

Net Zero by 2030? “Unrealistic” and Overly Dependent on Tech Hype

Google aims for net-zero emissions by 2030, but the report calls this goal “unrealistic.” Much of Google’s strategy relies on speculative technologies like advanced nuclear power and carbon-free energy (CFE), which Kairos argues aren’t advancing quickly enough to make a real impact soon.

For exampDle:

  • Deal with Kairos Power for small modular reactors (SMRs) is still in early stages.

  • Its geothermal energy project in Nevada is promising, but too small to offset emissions company-wide.

  • 24/7 CFE score rose only 2% (from 64% to 66%) in 2024. Only 9 of 20 grid regions achieved over 80% CFE.

The report noted that even Google admitted progress is slower than needed, citing challenges like energy policy delays, resource limits (especially in Asia-Pacific), and rising energy demands from AI.

Water Use Raises More Questions

Environmental concerns go beyond emissions. According to Kairos, Google’s water withdrawals rose by 340% from 2016 to 2024, reaching 11 billion gallons in 2024 alone. That equals the yearly water use of over 750,000 U.S. households, nearly the entire population of Phoenix, Arizona.

Much of this water cools data centers, raising alarms about Google’s overall environmental impact, especially in drought-prone areas.

Climate Denial on YouTube Adds to the Backlash

Additionally, the report accused Google of enabling climate misinformation on YouTube. Despite the platform’s content policies, Kairos states YouTube still hosts and monetizes climate denial content against its own guidelines.

Even more concerning, in 2025, YouTube reportedly reduced moderation efforts, allowing harmful narratives to spread unchecked, undermining Google’s climate goals.

Greenwashing Allegations Erode Trust

The Kairos Fellowship claims Google’s selective transparency misleads activists, policymakers, and the public about its true climate impact. By showcasing relative improvements and speculative technologies while downplaying rising total emissions, Google risks being seen as a greenwasher rather than a true climate leader.

The group asserts that:

  • Emissions disclosures are unclear and incomplete.

  • Changes in methodology (especially regarding Scope 3 emissions) obscure year-over-year comparisons.

  • Public claims of sustainability don’t match the reality.

The report appears amid growing pressure on tech giants to lessen their environmental impacts. Data centers are expected to use as much power as 22 million U.S. homes in five years.

google emissions
Source: Chart from Kairos Fellowship report, “Google’s Eco-Failures”

Furthermore, a news agency stated that an open letter in major U.S. newspapers urged the CEOs of Google, Amazon, and Microsoft to turn down fossil fuel projects. It also called for faster coal plant closures.

What’s Next for Google’s Climate Path?

Google’s environmental goals are ambitious, but its actual progress may differ. The Kairos Fellowship report shows rising emissions, a heavy reliance on credits, and slow clean energy transitions.

While its technological advances and renewable energy efforts are commendable, they may not offset the climate impact of AI-driven growth. So, unless it tackles these underlying issues beyond its current green messaging, it risks falling short of its 2030 net-zero goal.

The bottom line is that Google faces a crucial choice…The tech world is moving fast into an AI-driven future, but environmental costs are climbing. To stay credible and set a standard, the tech giant will have to move from green promises to genuine climate action. If not, it may become a symbol of high-tech greenwashing in the climate battle.

Key Takeaways from Bonn’s Climate Talks Ahead of COP30

Jennifer L
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Key Takeaways from Bonn’s Climate Talks Ahead of COP30

The Bonn climate talks, held from June 16 to 26, 2025, provided a crucial bridge to the upcoming COP30 in Belém, Brazil. While tangible victories were limited, the sessions clarified where global climate efforts stand—and where they need to be stronger.

Delegates discussed many topics covering national climate plans, climate finance, and just transition. They also talked about adaptation and energy sector reform. Here are the key takeaways to note in line with the upcoming COP30 talks. 

1. National Climate Plans: The 1.5°C Gap

One of the most urgent issues at Bonn was the slow pace of updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Most countries missed the February 2025 deadline, which slowed efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

Brazil, the host of COP30, asked nations to submit stronger NDCs by September. This way, the NDCs can be reviewed before the summit in November.

Yet, those early submissions fall far short of what’s needed. Delegates warned that current NDCs would still result in warming well above 1.5°C, and possibly near 2°C. With no plan B, COP30 will need to push for NDC 3.0, urging countries to adopt bolder actions by 2025.

2. Climate Finance: Debt Over Diplomacy

Bonn was marred by bitter disputes over climate finance. Developing nations pressed wealthier countries to fulfill previous pledges—such as mobilizing $1.3 trillion per year by 2035—to support adaptation and loss & damage. A South African delegate remarked bluntly, “There is no money,” highlighting how little has materialized.

Developed countries said private finance can help. But critics argued that public grants, not loans, are what really matter. Without firm commitments and timelines, many adaptation plans for vulnerable countries may remain unfunded.

According to an analysis, the world needs around $9 trillion annually to close the financing gap by 2030, and more by 2050.

climate financing gap 2030 - 2050

3. A Just Transition Wins Ground

Bonn made real progress on the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP). This program helps workers and communities affected by moving away from fossil fuels.

Caroline Brouillette, Executive Director, Climate Action Network Canada highlighted the importance of this program, noting:

“The UNFCCC feels increasingly disconnected from the real world. Amidst the dark clouds of these existential challenges to the planet and to this process, there is a ray of sunshine: parties are finding common ground around a Just Transition. The text forwarded to Belem offers us a fighting chance to a COP30 outcome that truly connects workers, communities and Peoples with the Paris Agreement.”

Negotiators agreed to create a Belém Action Mechanism, which will share strategies for fair and inclusive economic transitions. This breakthrough gives civil society more influence and sets a foundation for stronger action at COP30.

4. Reforming UN Climate Governance

The Bonn talks focused on procedural issues for days. They debated what should be on the agenda and how to make the negotiation process smoother. Countries proposed to limit agenda items, cap delegation sizes, and rush old initiatives toward their end.

The goal:

“to make UN climate talks less bureaucratic and more action-oriented—an issue now officially flagged for COP30.”

5. Adaptation and Gender Equity: Quiet Wins

Though overshadowed by finance fights, Bonn achieved meaningful progress on adaptation and gender equity. Delegates improved indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). They also outlined steps for National Adaptation Plans. They also began drafting a Gender Action Plan, pushing for more inclusive and representative climate policymaking.

Richer countries often blocked funding indicators. This raised concerns that adaptation gains might not have enough resources to succeed.

6. Fossil Fuel Language and Methane Agenda Lag

Decades after the fossil-fuel phase-out entered UN discussions, Bonn again failed to adopt strong language on it. Fossil-energy interests continue to slow reforms. Meanwhile, calls to include methane targets in NDCs gained traction, despite slow movement on actual text or enforcement measures.

7. What These Results Mean Ahead of COP30

The outcomes of the Bonn Climate Conference 2025 are crucial as the world heads toward COP30 in Belém, Brazil. The climate talks didn’t bring big breakthroughs. However, it helped shape important choices about climate goals, funding, and global cooperation.

The talk also highlighted continued tensions between developed and developing nations. The former urged stronger emissions cuts, while the latter stressed the need for greater financial and technical support.

Progress on the new collective quantified goal (NCQG) for climate finance was limited. The $100 billion target, first set in 2009, has been missed for years. Many vulnerable nations are now calling for a new target in the trillions, not billions, to fund adaptation, mitigation, and loss and damage.

COP29 climate finance

The conference also moved forward technical discussions on the Loss and Damage Fund, created at COP28. However, disagreements remain on how to fund it long-term and ensure fairness in access and governance.

Carbon markets were another hot topic. Talks under Article 6 showed big gaps in transparency and environmental integrity. Still, there’s momentum to finalize rules that could attract more private-sector investment.

Finally, Bonn served as a key follow-up to the Global Stocktake, which warned that current climate action is far off-track. COP30 is now expected to be a major “course correction” moment where countries must align policies with the 1.5°C goal.

In summary, Bonn laid the groundwork but left tough choices for COP30—where ambition, equity, and accountability will be at the heart of the talks.

Heading to Belém: What to Watch at COP30 Summit

The upcoming COP30 in November now faces big tests:

  • NDC Submission: Will countries deliver substantial, 1.5°C-aligned plans by September?
  • Climate Finance Roadmap: Can Brazil and global north nations agree on timelines and sources for $1.3 trillion/year target?
  • Just Transition Showcasing: Will the Belém mechanism emerge with concrete funding and implementation plans?
  • Fossil Fuel and Methane Language: Will COP30 firm up phase-out commitments and stronger methane cuts?
  • UN Process Reform: Will Belém adopt streamlined, efficient formats for future conferences?

Fragile Gains, High Stakes: The Path Forward

Bonn laid important groundwork—but left most major questions unresolved. Delivering a just transition and better adaptation indicators shows that civil groups can shift priorities. However, the lack of NDCs, weak finance plans, and fossil fuel resistance could undermine COP30.

The upcoming climate summit must show dramatic progress. COP30 presents an important opportunity to move from fragmented pledges toward more unified climate action and to reinforce confidence in the Paris Agreement.

The outcomes of the summit will have significant impact for vulnerable nations, workers, and global stability, highlighting the importance of translating commitments into tangible results.

S&P Global and JPMorgan Partner to Tokenize Carbon Credits

Jennifer L
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0
S&P Global and JPMorgan Partner to Tokenize Carbon Credits

S&P Global and JPMorgan’s blockchain division, Kinexys, launched a pilot to tokenize carbon credits. They aim to use blockchain and smart contracts to improve voluntary carbon markets (VCMs), make them more transparent, trustworthy, and liquid.

Their initiative is important because the global carbon credit market is worth about $933 billion in 2025, and can grow to over $16 trillion by 2034. This move could unlock major climate finance opportunities by tackling key issues that have held the market back.

From Blocks to Credits: The Digital Carbon Evolution

The voluntary carbon credit market is worth about $4.04 billion in 2024. It could grow to $24 billion by 2030 with an annual growth rate over 35%. However, this market has many flaws. Multiple registries make it hard to compare credits.

global demand for voluntary carbon credits increase by factor of 15 by 2030 and factor of 100 by 2050

Transparency issues continue to raise concerns about fraud and double-counting—when the same carbon credit gets sold or claimed more than once—in carbon markets. Ghost credits, which are fake reductions, hurt market integrity. Overstated impact claims and double-counting also damage investor confidence, as shown in the chart below.

VCM market size traded volume 2024

Estimates show that in 2021, hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO₂ equivalent credits faced issues. As the market grows, this number could rise significantly. To improve transparency, organizations are using blockchain tracking and better verification. These efforts aim to cut risks as the VCM grows. By 2030, analysts expect trade around 1.5 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.

Low liquidity turns off big investors. Plus, no central exchange or standard contracts splits the market. This limits growth and makes it hard for institutions to join in.

These weaknesses undermine trust and prevent big capital from entering the market. By tokenizing credits, S&P and JPMorgan aim to fix these problems and transform carbon credits into reliable digital assets.

How Tokenization Changes the Game

The joint pilot combines the Environmental Registry from S&P Global Commodity Insights with JPMorgan’s Kinexys blockchain platform. Together, they can turn carbon credits into digital tokens. These tokens are stored on an unchangeable ledger that everyone can access.

This system performs the following:

  • Standardizes credits across different projects—such as reforestation or direct air capture—to make them comparable.
  • It ensures transparency by permanently logging the issuance, transfers, and retirement of each credit. This helps tackle fraud and double-counting issues that have affected the market.
  • Enables smart contracts that automate tasks. For example, credits retire when purchased, which cuts transaction times from months to minutes.
  • Enables cross-chain transfers, which lets tokens move smoothly between platforms and registries. It boosts interoperability and market depth.
carbon credit tokenization lifecycle PwC
Source: PwC

Tokenized credits can act more like stocks or bonds by solving issues of fragmentation, trust, and liquidity. This makes them tradable, verifiable, and scalable. 

In the JPMorgan and S&P Global partnership, tokenized carbon credits can move more easily between companies, countries, and investors. This allows credits to be part of new climate-related financial products. Examples are tokens that show a share in a reforestation project or investments in carbon removal tech.

By making carbon markets more efficient and trustworthy, tokenization could attract more money into projects that fight climate change. This is a vital step as demand for high-quality, verifiable credits continues to outpace supply.

JPMorgan and S&P Global’s Pilot Program

JPMorgan launched this pilot with Kinexys, its blockchain arm. Kinexys, once called Onyx, has handled over $1.5 trillion in transactions since 2015. This shows it can support large finance systems.

The bank teamed up with S&P Global Commodity Insights and top registries: EcoRegistry and the International Carbon Registry. This partnership aims to get real carbon credit data and test how well blockchain can track credits from issuance to retirement.

Keerthi Moudgal, Head of Product at Kinexys Digital Assets, Kinexys by J.P. Morgan, noted:

“The voluntary carbon market is primed for innovation, and we’re eager to collaborate with participants to develop and implement new blockchain technology. Our shared aim is to establish standardized infrastructure that enhances information and price transparency, paving the way for financial innovation and increased market liquidity.”

Why This Deal Matters for Investors and the Environment

This new digital approach to carbon credits matters for both financial markets and climate action. For investors, tokenization creates a new asset class that is transparent, secure, and easy to trade.

Investors can now track where their money goes and how it helps reduce emissions. It also helps diversify portfolios with climate-related assets. These assets might gain value as climate rules become stricter.

For the environment, a more transparent and accessible carbon market means more funding can go to projects like forest restoration, clean energy, and carbon removal. Notably, removal credits are expected to account for 35% of the voluntary carbon market by 2030.

BCG carbon removal credit demand projection 2030-2040
Source: Boston Consulting Group

When it’s easier to see that these projects provide real climate benefits, trust grows. Then, participation increases too. This is crucial for helping companies, especially in tough-to-decarbonize sectors, meet their climate goals effectively.

What This Means for Carbon Trading’s Future

Despite the promise of improving trust and market growth, this pilot still needs to tackle key challenges:

  • Regulatory alignment: Different regions (e.g., EU vs. U.S.) have distinct rules on carbon accounting and tokenized assets. Global standards are still being developed. This uncertainty in regulations is a barrier to widespread adoption.
  • Integration with existing systems: The tokenized model must link to current registries, such as Verra and Gold Standard. This connection prevents isolation and ensures market-wide interoperability.
  • Market adoption: Tokenized credits need backing from investors, corporates, and funds. Without demand, liquidity may remain low, even as the voluntary market is projected to grow fivefold by 2030.
  • Avoiding hype cycles: Blockchain projects risk attracting speculative investment. Tokenized carbon must demonstrate real value, not bubble-like behavior.

JPMorgan and S&P aim to resolve these by proving the approach in the coming months. Their success could set a global template for carbon finance.

Together, they are pioneering an important innovation to address transparency, trust, and liquidity problems in voluntary carbon markets. They aim to mix registry data with blockchain tech to create a secure, programmable, and tradable asset for climate financing. 

Is Apple Stock a Green Investment? Net-Zero Goals and Sustainable Supply Chain

Saptakee S
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0
Is Apple Stock a Green Investment? Net-Zero Goals and Sustainable Supply Chain

Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL) is a key player in the fight against climate change. The tech giant runs one of the largest carbon reduction programs worldwide. And over 320 suppliers have committed to using 100% clean energy by 2030. This makes Apple an appealing investment for those who care about the environment and want solid returns.

Apple’s Strong Financial Performance Supports Green Goals

Apple’s strong finances enable meaningful change. The company achieved record revenue of $124.3 billion in early 2025, a 4% increase from the year before. In the next quarter, Apple earned $95.4 billion, with an 8% rise in earnings per share. Services revenue also hit $26.6 billion, a significant milestone.

This success is crucial for investors focused on carbon reduction. Apple can invest billions in sustainability while providing good returns. Its stock price of about $201 reflects its solid position in technology and environmental leadership.

Record Carbon Reduction Progress

Apple has made significant strides in corporate sustainability. The company has cut global greenhouse gas emissions by over 60% since 2015. This was achieved without relying on carbon offsets; Apple reduced real emissions directly.

In 2024, Apple avoided 41 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions. This is like taking 9 million cars off the road for a year. The company aims for a 75% reduction in emissions compared to 2015 levels.

During this period, Apple’s revenue grew by 64%, while it cut emissions by 55%. This shows companies can profit while protecting the planet.

Supply Chain Change at Huge Scale

Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program is the largest corporate effort for supply chain carbon reduction. More than 320 manufacturing partners have committed to using 100% renewable energy by 2030. These suppliers make up 95% of Apple’s manufacturing spending.

The impact is significant. Suppliers generated 17.8 gigawatts of renewable electricity, avoiding 21.8 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 2024.

Manufacturing emissions account for about 55% of Apple’s total carbon footprint. The company nearly halved product manufacturing emissions, dropping from 16.1 million tons in 2020 to 8.2 million tons in 2024.

Apple’s progress toward carbon neutrality: Goal Carbon Neutral by 2030.                                        Timeline: 2015, 2019, and 2024

Apple (AAPL) emissions

Apple (AAPL) emissions
Source: Apple

First Carbon Neutral Consumer Electronics

Apple produced the world’s first carbon-neutral consumer electronics. The Apple Watch lineup and Mac mini achieved this through emissions reductions of over 75%. Remaining emissions were balanced by high-quality carbon credits from nature projects.

The carbon-neutral Apple Watch reduced emissions from 36.7 kg to 8.1 kg of CO2 per device, a 78% cut. The Mac mini is now Apple’s first carbon-neutral Mac computer.

These carbon-neutral products have key features:

  • Over 30% recycled content by weight

  • 100% recycled aluminum in cases

  • Manufacturing with 100% renewable electricity

Recycled Materials Drive Sustainability

Apple has made progress in using recycled materials. In 2024, 24% of product materials came from recycled or renewable sources. The company now uses 99% recycled rare earth elements in magnets and 99% recycled cobalt in batteries.

Many products feature 100% recycled aluminum cases, reducing emissions from mining new materials. In 2023, 71% of aluminum and 56% of cobalt in Apple products came from recycled sources.

Apple’s recycling innovations include the Daisy robot, which disassembles used devices to recover rare materials. The company has also removed leather from all product lines.

Apple recycled materials
Source: Apple

Carbon Market Investment Opportunities

For investors focused on carbon markets and ESG criteria, Apple offers many value opportunities. Its leadership in supply chain carbon reduction positions it well as carbon accounting becomes more detailed.

Apple invests in high-quality, nature-based carbon credits instead of cheap offsets. It spends up to $400 million through its Restore Fund programs, aiming for 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide removal each year.

Its influence in the supply chain creates chances for broader industry change. For example, the renewable energy requirements have spurred clean energy development in key manufacturing regions, especially in China, where nearly 70 suppliers are now committed to 100% renewable electricity.

Strategic Advantages Through Environmental Leadership

Apple’s environmental leadership provides many competitive advantages. Its detailed carbon accounting prepares it well for global carbon pricing. Early use of renewable energy and efficient manufacturing gives it cost benefits as energy prices change.

Furthermore, supply chain carbon reduction efforts also build strong relationships with manufacturing partners and drive innovation in clean technologies. The company’s environmental standards have boosted clean energy deployment in manufacturing areas.

Investment Considerations and Risks

Considering Apple’s sustainability progress, investors should consider several factors. The company trades at a premium price with a P/E ratio of around 28, which may lead to volatility risks. However, Apple’s environmental leadership sets it apart.

Apple still faces challenges in managing supply chain emissions, which make up 98% of its total carbon footprint. The company has made progress with manufacturing partners, but achieving full supply chain carbon reduction by 2030 will require ongoing effort.

The stock has seen volatility in 2025, declining about 19% year-to-date. This may present opportunities for long-term investors focused on Apple’s sustainability leadership and financial strength.

Future Outlook and Growth Potential

Looking to 2030, Apple’s sustainability commitments may create many value opportunities. Its goal is to power customer device usage with 100% clean electricity, which addresses 24% of its carbon footprint.

Additionally, the company plans to use only recycled and renewable materials in its products by 2030. This goal will drive innovation, create competitive advantages, and reduce risks from commodity price swings.

The regulatory environment increasingly favors companies with strong environmental programs. Apple’s established reporting and emission reductions give it advantages in this evolving landscape.

Apple (AAPL stock)
Source: Apple

Is Apple (AAPL Stock) For Carbon-Conscious Investors? 

From the above analysis, we can see that Apple Stock (AAPL) is a solid choice for carbon-conscious investors. We have already seen that the company has cut emissions by 60% since 2015, and over 320 suppliers have pledged to use renewable energy. This highlights Apple’s commitment to climate action.

Its carbon-neutral products set new standards in consumer electronics, marking profitable ways to achieve net-zero emissions. All these achievements and advantages provide long-term value for investors.

As global carbon markets expand and ESG investing increases, Apple shines in environmental leadership. Its solid financial resources and focus on transparency make it a top pick for portfolios aimed at climate solutions and sustainable tech.

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