Oil Giants Under Fire: ExxonMobil Fights Climate Laws as TotalEnergies Found Guilty of Greenwashing

Jennifer L
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Oil Giants Under Fire: ExxonMobil Fights Climate Laws as TotalEnergies Found Guilty of Greenwashing

Two of the world’s largest oil companies, ExxonMobil and TotalEnergies, are in the spotlight for very different reasons. Exxon is fighting new climate-reporting laws in California. Meanwhile, TotalEnergies was found guilty of greenwashing or misleading the public about its climate claims. These changes show the rising tension among fossil fuel producers, governments, and regulators as climate rules get stricter around the world.

ExxonMobil Takes California to Court Over Climate Rules

ExxonMobil filed a lawsuit to block California’s new climate-reporting requirements. The company claims the laws breach its constitutional rights, particularly its First Amendment free speech rights. It also says they unfairly target large businesses in the state.

The case focuses on two key laws:

  • Senate Bill 253 requires companies that make over $1 billion a year to report their greenhouse gas emissions. This includes indirect “Scope 3” emissions.
  • Senate Bill 261 requires companies to share how climate risks might impact their finances and operations.

Exxon says the laws force companies to “speak” in a way that aligns with California’s view on climate change. The oil giant says the regulations will bring high costs and unreliable data. Also, tracking emissions in global supply chains is tricky.

California officials, however, say the lawsuit is an attempt to avoid transparency. They argue that companies must be open about the full impact of their activities if the world is to meet climate goals.

If the court sides with Exxon, the decision could delay the rollout of similar laws in other U.S. states. But if California wins, it would mark one of the most ambitious climate-reporting mandates in the world.

TotalEnergies Faces Penalty for Misleading Climate Claims

In France, TotalEnergies faced a very different kind of scrutiny. A Paris court decided on October 23 that the company misled consumers with its public statements about climate goals.

The court decided that TotalEnergies’ 2021 marketing messages were misleading under its greenwashing laws. They claimed to be “a major actor in the energy transition” and aimed for net zero by 2050. However, the court noted the company’s ongoing investment in oil and gas projects.

TotalEnergies net zero 2050 ambition

As a result, TotalEnergies must remove or revise the disputed statements from its website within one month or face daily fines of up to €20,000. The company was also ordered to pay damages and legal fees to three environmental groups that filed the lawsuit.

TotalEnergies accepted the ruling. However, it noted that most claims by the plaintiffs were dismissed. The company also insisted that its low-carbon investments are real.

The TotalEnergies case marks one of the first successful “greenwashing” rulings in Europe against a major fossil fuel producer. It sends a clear message: companies must align their advertising with measurable action, not just promises.

A Global Shift Toward Accountability

The twin cases reveal a major shift in how governments and courts are handling corporate climate claims. Oil and gas companies have pushed for long-term net-zero goals for years. Yet, they keep expanding fossil fuel production. That approach is now under heavy scrutiny.

Across the world, regulators are moving from voluntary to mandatory climate reporting. Investors and consumers are also demanding more proof that companies are reducing emissions in real terms, not just on paper.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that the global oil and gas industry accounts for about 15% of total energy-related emissions. This includes methane leaks and refining. The IEA says these emissions must fall by at least 60% by 2030 to stay on track for net-zero goals.

But progress remains slow. In 2024, the biggest oil companies put over $400 billion into new fossil fuel projects. In contrast, they invested less than $80 billion in renewables. This imbalance fuels criticism that public climate statements often do not match actual spending.

Final investment decisions in US LNG 2025 IEA
Source: IEA

Why Climate Disclosure Laws Are Game-Changers

Transparent emissions reporting is a critical step toward accountability. California laws in Exxon’s lawsuit require big companies to report their total emissions. This includes emissions from direct operations, supply chains, and product use.

Supporters say these rules will:

  • Create a level playing field for all large firms.
  • Help investors and consumers compare climate performance.
  • Push companies to reduce emissions more aggressively.

For example, Scope 3 emissions, those from customers using a company’s products, often make up more than 80% of an oil company’s carbon footprint. Without such disclosures, the true impact of fossil fuels remains hidden.

Opponents, however, say the costs and technical challenges could be high. They warn that requiring thousands of global companies to track every step of their carbon footprint could lead to inconsistent or unverifiable results.

Still, many analysts believe the trend toward mandatory disclosure is irreversible. Similar frameworks are being considered in the European Union, Japan, and Canada.

Rising Legal and Market Risks for Oil Majors

The cases involving ExxonMobil and TotalEnergies are part of a growing wave of climate-related lawsuits. The Grantham Research Institute reports that almost 3,000 climate cases have been filed globally. About 230 of these focus directly on companies.

Many involve accusations of greenwashing, misleading investors, or failing to disclose climate-related financial risks.

The potential costs are high. Penalties, legal fees, and damaged reputation can all hurt a company’s market value. For investors, it adds a new layer of risk in an already volatile energy sector.

Meanwhile, clean energy investment continues to rise. BloombergNEF estimates that in 2024, spending reached over $2 trillion. This includes renewable energy, electric vehicles, and carbon capture technology. This is more than double what was invested in fossil fuels.

This global capital shift pressures oil companies. They need to show they are adapting to the energy transition, not resisting it.

The Bigger Picture: Transition or Tension?

These two high-profile cases capture a crossroads moment for the oil industry. Governments aim for quicker decarbonization. However, companies still depend on fossil fuels for profit.

ExxonMobil’s lawsuit represents resistance — a pushback against state regulation. TotalEnergies’ court case shows what happens when public messaging gets ahead of actual progress.

Yet, both cases show that climate accountability is no longer optional. The industry is under pressure to show clear results. This comes from courts, disclosure laws, and investors.

To stay competitive, oil majors must boost low-carbon investments. They should also improve transparency and align operations with credible climate targets.

If Exxon loses its challenge, it could open the door to a wave of state and federal disclosure rules in the U.S. If more courts follow France’s lead, companies could face lawsuits for greenwashing worldwide.

Either way, fossil fuel companies are under pressure to back their climate claims with action. The age of unchecked promises is ending, replaced by a future of measured accountability.

Beyond Meat’s Comeback: 600% BYND Stock Surge Fuels Its Climate Revival

Jennifer L
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Beyond Meat’s Comeback: 600% BYND Stock Surge Fuels Its Climate Revival

Beyond Meat is back in the spotlight. The plant-based meat company has seen a sharp rise in its share price after announcing a major U.S. retail expansion. It revealed that its products would now be sold in more than 2,000 Walmart stores. The company also launched a new Beyond Burger 6-Pack, giving shoppers a more affordable way to buy plant-based meat.

But this comeback is about more than business. Beyond Meat’s biggest story lies in its climate and sustainability record, which continues to set it apart from traditional meat producers.

A Massive Stock Rebound

Beyond Meat price chart
Source: Yahoo Finance

Beyond Meat’s stock surge surprised both analysts and investors. The sharp jump came after months of slow trading and declining confidence in plant-based food stocks.

Over a three-day trading period, Beyond Meat experienced a remarkable surge of nearly 600%, with its share price increasing from $0.52 on October 16 to a peak of $3.62 on October 21. By October 27, the stock had settled at $1.81, reflecting ongoing volatility and heightened market interest.

Analysts say the rally reflects renewed trust in Beyond Meat’s growth strategy, especially its partnership with Walmart and the introduction of lower-priced products. The move shows how the company plans to reach more households and expand in a challenging grocery market.

Market data show Beyond Meat’s market capitalization climbed by billions of dollars in less than a week. The rally also sparked fresh interest from institutional investors looking at sustainability-driven food companies.

Even after the rapid rise, analysts note that Beyond Meat remains a volatile stock. Still, its recovery highlights how strong sustainability credentials and affordable innovation can reignite investor enthusiasm.

Huge Reductions in Emissions and Resource Use

Beyond Meat’s latest life cycle assessments (LCAs) show how much cleaner its products are compared to beef.

  • Making a Beyond Burger creates 90% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than a beef burger of the same size.
  • It uses 97% less water, 93–97% less land, and up to 65% less energy.
  • One Beyond Burger has a carbon footprint of 0.68 kilograms of CO₂e, about 38 times smaller than beef.
Beyond burger carbon footprint vs meat
Source: Heller, M. and Keoleian, G. paper (https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/192044)

These results come from studies done by the University of Michigan and reviewed by independent experts. The reason for the low impact is simple.

Beyond Meat’s ingredients — such as peas, rice, and canola — take far fewer resources to grow than raising cattle. Cows also release methane, a gas far more powerful than CO₂, which plants do not produce.

Steak Without the Guilt: Cutting Emissions by 84%

Beyond Meat’s new Beyond Steak also shows strong environmental performance. The product emits 84% less greenhouse gas and uses 93% less water than a beef steak.

The company says if every American swapped one beef meal a week for a Beyond Meat product, it could cut emissions equal to taking 12 million cars off the road each year.

Beyond steak LCA
Source: Beyond Meat ESG Report

Food production creates about 1/3 of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the United Nations. Plant-based meat helps lower that total, making a diet change one of the fastest ways to fight climate change.

Below is the chart showing the carbon footprint of different food products per kilogram:

food ghg or carbon emissions per kilo
Source: UN

How Beyond Meat Builds Its ESG Strategy

Beyond Meat’s commitment to sustainability goes beyond its products. The company’s ESG plan focuses on clean operations, better packaging, and responsible sourcing.

  • Renewable power: Some of its factories already run on clean electricity. The company plans to expand this each year.
  • Sustainable sourcing: Ingredients come from farms that use less water and fewer fertilizers.
  • Greener packaging: Beyond Meat has reduced plastic use and added more recyclable materials.
  • Water savings: Compared to beef, its products need only a small fraction of the water to produce.

In its latest ESG report, Beyond Meat said it had cut its operational carbon footprint by over 20% in just two years. Its total GHG emissions reached about 193,700 metric tons of CO₂e across all scopes. This includes 7,999 tCO₂e from Scope 1, 9,065 tCO₂e from Scope 2 (market-based), and 176,654 tCO₂e from Scope 3 activities such as purchased goods and services.

Beyond Meat carbon emissions footprint
Source: Beyond Meat report

Helping Global Climate Goals

Beyond Meat’s model supports the Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to 1.5°C. Livestock farming creates nearly 15% of global emissions, mostly from methane. Replacing even part of the global meat market with alternatives would have a big impact.

Analysts at Boston Consulting Group (BCG) estimate that if 10% of all meat sold by 2030 were plant-based, it could cut 0.5 gigatons of CO₂e each year.

By expanding through Walmart, Target, and other retailers, Beyond Meat is helping make climate-friendly food more common and affordable.

Business Growth and Climate Impact

Beyond Meat’s recent recovery also matches a growing global market for sustainable food. Plant-based food sales hit $52 billion in 2024 and could reach over $160 billion by 2030, according to Bloomberg Intelligence.

plant-based food market 2030 BNEF

Investors are increasingly focused on ESG performance. Beyond Meat’s verified environmental data makes it attractive for both climate-conscious investors and everyday consumers.

The company’s new six-pack burger is a big part of that effort. It offers lower prices during a time when food inflation is high, helping more people choose climate-friendly protein without paying extra.

Setting Standards in Sustainability Reporting

Beyond Meat stands out for being open about its environmental data. It reports its progress through international standards like the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP).

In 2024, it ranked among the top 5% of food companies worldwide for sustainability transparency, according to Corporate Knights. The company also works with industry groups and governments to improve standards for labeling and emissions reporting.

Beyond Meat’s supply chain data show how its focus on transparency helps build trust with retailers and regulators. Investors view this as a sign of long-term stability and accountability.

New Challenges, Same Mission

Beyond Meat’s journey has not been easy. The plant-based meat market is becoming more competitive, and consumer demand has been uneven in recent years. Some shoppers still prefer the taste or texture of beef.

To respond, Beyond Meat is improving its recipes and investing in research. It is also testing regenerative farming methods to grow its crops in ways that store carbon and improve soil health. These efforts could make its ingredients even more climate-friendly.

Price remains another challenge. Plant-based meat often costs more than beef. However, the new value-sized burger pack and wider retail reach aim to close that gap and attract new buyers.

Beyond Meat’s stock surge marks more than a financial rebound; it signals renewed faith in sustainable food innovation. As global emissions rise, Beyond Meat shows how small choices, like swapping one meal, can add up to real change.

Every Beyond Burger or Beyond Steak sold saves water, reduces land use, and lowers carbon pollution. The company proves that business growth and sustainability can go hand in hand and that the future of food can be both profitable and planet-friendly.

Indonesia Aims to Sell 13.4 Billion Tonnes of Carbon Credits to Global Buyers

Jennifer L
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Indonesia Aims to Sell 13.4 Billion Tonnes of Carbon Credits to Global Buyers

Indonesia plans to sell 13.4 billion tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) credits to global buyers. This is one of the biggest carbon market plans in the world. The government says the move could bring in billions of dollars in investment while helping the country meet its climate goals.

The forestry minister’s announcement comes as more countries and companies look to buy verified carbon credits to offset emissions. Experts estimate the global carbon market could grow to $35 billion by 2030, more than five times its current size. With its large forests and renewable energy projects, Indonesia could become a major supplier of these credits.

Building a Global Carbon Market

The 13.4 billion tonnes of CO₂e credits will come from projects that cut or remove carbon emissions. These include forest protection, peatland restoration, renewable energy, and carbon capture programs.

Indonesia has about 125 million hectares of tropical forest, which absorbs over 25 billion tonnes of CO₂e every year. The government sees carbon trading as a way to earn money while protecting the environment.

Officials say this plan could create tens of thousands of green jobs. It will also attract private funding for conservation and clean energy projects.

The credits will be traded through Indonesia’s national carbon registry, the Sistem Registri Nasional (SRN). This system tracks emissions and removals across industries and projects.

The Rise of Carbon Trading at Home

Indonesia launched its own carbon exchange in 2023 through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). During its first year, it traded about 500,000 tonnes of CO₂e, worth around $5 million.

By 2024, the country had registered more than 2,000 carbon projects, covering areas like energy, forestry, and manufacturing. The government also started a carbon-pricing system for power plants. Large emitters must now report their emissions and offset some of them through credits.

In 2025, Indonesia reopened carbon trading with other countries under new rules aligned with the Paris Agreement. These rules prevent double-counting of emission cuts and make trading more transparent.

However, local carbon prices remain lower than international ones. Indonesia’s credits often sell for under $20 per tonne, while high-quality global credits range from $40 to $80 per tonne. Officials hope international demand will help raise prices closer to global levels.

The Economic and Climate Impact

If Indonesia sells all 13.4 billion tonnes of credits, they could be worth between $130 billion and $670 billion, depending on the market price. Even selling a fraction of this amount would make Indonesia one of the world’s biggest carbon credit exporters.

The program supports the country’s pledge to cut emissions by almost 32% on its own or 43% with global support by 2030. Indonesia also aims to reach net-zero emissions by 2060.

Indonesias-pathway-to-net-zero-2060
Source: Kearney

Moreover, the country aims to cut emissions by up to 43% by 2030 with international support. Indonesia’s forests and peatlands store large amounts of carbon; protecting them and trading carbon credits can turn this natural resource into income.

At the same time, the country still burns coal for much of its power, so these credits help raise funds for cleaner energy. Revenue from carbon credit sales will support:

  • Forest protection: Deforestation, which once exceeded 1 million hectares per year, has already declined and could fall further.
  • Renewable energy projects: Solar, hydro, and geothermal sources now supply about 14% of Indonesia’s power.
  • Local communities: Landowners who protect forests and wetlands will earn income instead of clearing them for crops.

These projects link environmental goals with economic growth. They help rural areas gain from the green economy. The Southeast Asian nation has the following pillars in cutting emissions. 

Indonesia net zero pathway
Source: Kearney

Big Buyers, Bigger Ambitions

Many large companies are eager to buy reliable carbon credits. Firms like Microsoft, Shell, and Delta Air Lines have pledged to offset emissions through verified carbon projects.

According to BloombergNEF, demand for nature-based credits could rise from 165 million tonnes in 2024 to over 1 billion tonnes by 2030. If Indonesia supplies even 10% of that, it could sell 100 million tonnes each year and earn around $5 billion annually at moderate prices.

Indonesia’s participation will also help balance global supply, which currently depends mostly on Latin America and Africa. A more diverse carbon market could make prices fairer and more stable worldwide.

Per Sylvera’s report, nature-based credits (ARR) price hit a record high in late 2025.  The report shows that buyers are looking for projects that have a verified impact and deliver real results.

carbon credit prices ARR sylvera

Challenges and Verification

Indonesia’s plan faces some key challenges. Experts warn that buyers need strong proof that credits represent real, lasting carbon reductions.

The government is working with certification bodies such as Verra and Gold Standard to verify projects and meet international standards. It will also use digital systems to track every project and transaction.

Some environmental groups worry about “reversal risk.” This happens when forest-based carbon savings are lost later through fires or illegal logging. To prevent this, Indonesia plans to set up a buffer system — keeping some credits in reserve in case of future losses.

The country will also use “corresponding adjustment” rules to ensure every exported credit is subtracted from Indonesia’s national inventory. This keeps its reporting aligned with global accounting standards.

Asia’s Race for Carbon Leadership

The International Energy Agency (IEA) says the world needs to remove or offset 5 to 10 billion tonnes of CO₂ each year by 2050 to meet climate targets. At present, global carbon markets cover less than 1% of that need.

Countries like Indonesia can help fill this gap. The World Bank estimates Southeast Asia could earn $10 billion a year from carbon trading by 2030 if systems are transparent and credible.

Countries like Vietnam and Malaysia are also creating carbon registries. They might open their markets to foreign buyers soon.

Carbon credit exports could make Indonesia a leader in the global green economy. The country could use this income to fund renewable energy, restore ecosystems, and support local livelihoods.

Indonesia’s carbon market potential
Source: PwC

Under government rules, at least 30% of carbon credit revenue must go to local communities and regional governments. This helps support reforestation, sustainable farming, and eco-tourism.

If the plan works, experts say Indonesia could cut up to 2 billion tonnes of CO₂e by 2030. That’s like taking 400 million cars off the road for a whole year.

Promise and Proof: Making Every Credit Count

Indonesia’s offer to sell 13.4 billion carbon credits shows how climate policy and economic growth can work together. The opportunity is huge, but success will depend on strong verification, fair pricing, and transparent reporting.

If done right, the plan could turn Indonesia into one of the top players in the global carbon market. It could also help meet global climate goals while bringing new income to rural areas.

As more nations look for trustworthy carbon credits, Indonesia’s forests and renewables could become valuable global assets. The challenge now is to make sure every credit sold represents real, lasting progress for the planet.

Canada Goes Nuclear Again: This Time It’s a C$3 Billion Bet on SMR

Jennifer L
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Canada Goes Nuclear Again: This Time It’s a C$3 Billion Bet on SMR

Canada has taken a major step toward becoming a global leader in nuclear innovation. Prime Minister Mark Carney announced a C$3 billion joint federal-provincial investment to advance small modular reactor (SMR) technology at Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG) Darlington New Nuclear Project (DNNP).

When finished, Canada will be the first G7 nation to launch an SMR. This milestone could change how countries power their economies and reduce emissions. PM Carney remarked:

“The Darlington New Nuclear Project will create thousands of high-paying careers and power thousands of Ontario homes with clean energy. This is a generational investment that will build lasting security, prosperity and opportunities. We’re building big things to build Canada Strong.”

A C$3 Billion Spark for Canada’s Nuclear Comeback

The investment includes $2 billion from the Canada Growth Fund and $1 billion from Ontario’s Building Ontario Fund. Together, they will finance four GE Hitachi BWRX-300 reactors at the Darlington site east of Toronto.

The first reactor is scheduled to start operating by late 2029. When all four are built, the facility will provide 1,200 megawatts (MW) of clean electricity — enough to power 1.2 million homes. Over its lifetime, the project could avoid up to 2.3 million tonnes of CO₂ each year between 2029 and 2050.

The Darlington SMR project can create 18,000 construction jobs and 3,700 permanent positions in operations and supply. It will also inject around $500 million annually into Ontario’s nuclear supply chain once it reaches full capacity.

Government officials say this initiative supports three goals at once: economic growth, energy security, and emissions reduction. Canada aims to boost its power grid through modular nuclear technology. This also supports clean tech manufacturing and export opportunities.

Canada’s SMR Action Plan sets out a national path to develop and deploy small modular reactors across the country. It unites federal and provincial governments, industry, Indigenous communities, research institutions, and utilities under one framework.

The plan aims to help Canada reach net-zero emissions by 2050, decarbonize industry and power generation, and create jobs. It aims to build trust in the community, ensure safe waste management, and boost exports of Canadian SMR technology worldwide.

Why Small Reactors Are a Big Deal

Small modular reactors represent the next generation of nuclear power. Each unit is smaller and easier to build than traditional reactors. The BWRX-300 design, created by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, features advanced safety systems. It can be built in factories and then shipped to a site for installation.

SMRs offer several advantages:

  • Lower capital cost: Each module can be built and added in stages.
  • Faster deployment: Factory assembly reduces on-site construction time.
  • Grid flexibility: SMRs can supply remote areas or industrial zones that large plants cannot easily serve.
  • Clean power: They generate consistent electricity without carbon emissions.

READ MORE: What is SMR? The Ultimate Guide to Small Modular Reactors

The Darlington reactors will serve as the flagship for this new model. Experts see it as a test case for how nuclear can complement renewables like wind and solar, especially during periods of low generation.

canada Operable nuclear power capacity
Source: World Nuclear Association

Nicolle Butcher, OPG (the majority owner and operator of DNNP) president and CEO, stated:

“The Darlington New Nuclear Project will help meet growing demand for low-carbon energy, and provide significant economic benefits for Ontarians and Canadians, creating jobs and securing contracts across the province’s robust nuclear supply chain.” 

Strengthening Energy Security and Supply

Electricity demand in Canada is rising quickly. The Canadian Electricity Association estimates that power demand may rise by 40 percent by 2050. This increase is due to electric vehicles, heat pumps, and the growing needs of data centers.

Ontario, in particular, will need more reliable, low-carbon energy as old reactors and natural gas plants close. The province gets about 60% of its electricity from nuclear power. SMRs will help replace this capacity and support net-zero goals.

Federal and provincial leaders say nuclear power is key to balancing the grid. This is especially important as more renewable sources, which vary in output, are added. Unlike solar or wind, SMRs can run 24 hours a day, providing what grid planners call “baseload” or “firm” power.

Economic and Industrial Ripple Effects

Beyond electricity, SMR development supports a broad industrial base. The project will use Canadian engineering, fabrication, and construction skills. These have been developed over six decades of nuclear operations.

The Canadian Nuclear Association states that the nuclear sector supports around 76,000 jobs. It also contributes $17 billion to the GDP every year. The Darlington expansion might boost those numbers even more. It could create a lasting supply chain for SMR parts, fuel, and maintenance.

The new reactors will also use low-enriched uranium fuel sourced and processed domestically. This matches Ottawa’s aim to boost independence in critical minerals and fuels. This is important due to global supply chain risks.

Canada’s Nuclear Edge in a Global Race

Canada’s SMR plan positions it ahead of other major economies. In the United States, NuScale Power is still working on SMR projects. However, cost overruns and cancellations have pushed back its deployment.

Canada reactor plans and proposals
Source: World Nuclear Association

The U.K. is funding a competition to build the first domestic SMR fleet, but commercial operations are not expected before the early 2030s.

If Darlington’s first reactor enters service on schedule in 2029, it will be the first grid-connected SMR in the developed world. Analysts believe that Canada’s early-mover advantage may help it export SMR technology and expertise. This is especially true for countries with smaller or remote grids.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) predicts that global nuclear capacity needs to double by 2050. This is essential to reach net-zero targets. SMRs are set to drive significant growth. By 2040, their market value could hit US$120 billion, based on Allied Market Research data. nuclear power capacity additions IAEA projection 2024 to 2050

The Darlington project could help Canada play a major role in the global clean energy market.

Cleaner Power, Smaller Footprint

Each SMR at Darlington will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuel generation. When all four reactors are running, the country can save 2.3 million tonnes of CO₂ each year. That’s like taking about 500,000 cars off the road annually.

Canada SMR avoided emissions
Data from IAEA SMR Lifecycle Emissions Benchmarks and OPG Assessments

Unlike large hydro or coal plants, SMRs use much less land and water. Their modular design allows units to be added without major ecosystem disruption. The reactors have passive safety features. This means they can cool themselves in emergencies without needing external power or human help.

From an ESG viewpoint, Canada’s investment shows that nuclear energy is key to reaching net-zero goals. Many international financial institutions now see advanced nuclear as a sustainable asset. This gives investors more confidence to fund new projects.

Industry and Market Reactions

Market analysts and clean energy experts see the Darlington announcement as a sign that nuclear is gaining global attention again. The World Nuclear Association says that over 80 SMR designs are in development globally. More than 30 projects are already being built or are in advanced planning.

Canada’s commitment could attract private capital and accelerate partnerships with firms in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. GE Hitachi has teamed up with Ontario Power Generation, SaskPower, and TVA. They aim to commercialize the BWRX-300 model worldwide.

Economic analysts say success at Darlington could help regional manufacturing hubs in Ontario and Saskatchewan. These areas are also studying new SMR sites.

A Defining Step for Canada’s Clean Energy Future

Investors and regulators will be closely watching the success of this first-of-its-kind SMR. The project’s modular approach means later units could be built faster and at a lower cost. If the model works well, Canada might use it in other provinces. This could boost industrial hubs and clean hydrogen production.

The Darlington SMR investment marks a turning point for Canada’s energy policy. It merges technology, sustainability, and economic growth in a single strategy.

If it works, this initiative could change how countries decarbonize power grids. As the first G7 nation to bring SMRs to market, Canada is both following the clean energy transition and it is helping lead it.

America’s Lithium Gap: How Surge Battery Metals Could Bridge the Supply Shortfall

Jennifer L
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America’s Lithium Gap: How Surge Battery Metals Could Bridge the Supply Shortfall

Disseminated on behalf of Surge Battery Metals Inc.

Electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems (BESS), and clean energy technologies depend heavily on lithium. Yet even with fast-rising demand, the United States still produces far less lithium than it needs. 

In 2024, U.S. production reached only about 25,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) – roughly 2% of global supply, which totaled around 1.2 million tonnes. That output is enough for only about 158,000 Tesla Model 3 battery packs per year. 

The gap between national demand and domestic production keeps widening. Most lithium used in the U.S. comes from imports, mainly from Chile, Australia, and China. This dependency exposes the country to supply disruptions, trade restrictions, and price volatility. If imports are interrupted, the U.S. battery and EV industries could face serious setbacks.

Growing Demand Creates a Structural Deficit

Global demand for lithium is growing quickly. Analysts expect it to quadruple by 2030 as more countries adopt EVs and build large-scale battery storage. 

investment needed for high case lithium demand scenario

According to Katusa Research (2025), global lithium demand is projected to climb from 1.04 million tonnes in 2024 to 3.56 million tonnes by 2035 — a 3.5× increase. About 83% of that demand will come from EV batteries, while energy storage will account for another 11%.

lithium demand forecast 2035 KR
Source: Katusa Research

Per the International Energy Agency, the U.S. alone may need over 625,000 tonnes of LCE per year by 2030, compared with only a small fraction produced domestically today.

Building new mines takes time – often 10 to 15 years from exploration to commercial production. This long timeline makes it difficult to ramp up supply fast enough to meet demand. Therefore, a lasting shortage is forming. If the U.S. does not accelerate new projects soon, it may depend on imports for decades.

Each EV battery pack uses large amounts of lithium. On average, an EV requires about 60 kilograms of LCE – or 8 to 10 kilograms per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of battery capacity. As automakers build more gigafactories, that adds up quickly. 

Katusa’s data also shows that global EV sales jumped from 2 million in 2020 to 11 million in 2024, a 450% surge — and could exceed 60 million units per year by 2040, more than half of all cars sold globally.

annual EV sales projection KR
Source: Katusa Research

The U.S. is expected to have 440 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of battery manufacturing capacity by 2025 and more than 1,000 GWh by 2030. That growth alone could double or triple national lithium demand.

Introducing the Nevada North Lithium Project

One company aiming to help close this gap is Surge Battery Metals. Its flagship asset, the Nevada North Lithium Project (NNLP) in Elko County, Nevada, is one of the few high-grade lithium clay deposits in the United States. 

The project has an inferred resource of 11.24 million tonnes of LCE, grading about 3,010 ppm lithium, making it the highest-grade lithium clay resource in the country.

NNLP 2024 resource estimate
Source: Surge Battery Metals

Surge’s Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) shows strong project fundamentals:

  • Post-tax NPV (8%) of US$9.21 billion
  • IRR of 22.8%
  • Operating cost ≈ US$5,243/t LCE
  • Mine life of 42 years

The project benefits from ideal logistics. NNLP is only 13 kilometers from major power lines and close to all-season roads. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has issued a Record of Decision and a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), allowing expanded exploration over 250 acres. These factors make NNLP a leading U.S. candidate for large-scale lithium development.

How NNLP Helps Close the Supply Gap

Surge Battery Metals’ Nevada North project has features that position it well to help close America’s lithium gap. Its high grade and large resource size suggest it could deliver significant output once in production. Higher-grade deposits typically allow lower extraction costs and shorter payback periods.

Because NNLP already has key permits and environmental clearance, it may reach production faster than many early-stage peers. That speed is critical as EV demand accelerates and the U.S. targets more domestic battery manufacturing.

Just as important, NNLP supports U.S. policy goals for supply chain security. Producing lithium domestically reduces reliance on imports, helping stabilize supply and pricing for American automakers. It also supports the Inflation Reduction Act, which requires that most EV battery minerals come from North America or allied countries by 2027.

In March 2025, the U.S. government took direct equity stakes in several lithium ventures, including Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass, signaling a strong federal commitment to reshoring critical mineral production. This policy backdrop reinforces projects like NNLP as part of a national security priority.

Strengthening NNLP Through Strategic Partnership

Moreover, Surge Battery Metals signed a joint venture letter of intent (LOI) with Evolution Mining (ASX: EVN), allowing Evolution to earn up to 32.5% ownership by funding C$10 million toward the Preliminary Feasibility Study (PFS) for the Nevada North Lithium Project (NNLP). Surge retains majority control and project management, keeping its long-term vision and stakeholder priorities front and center.

This partnership delivers big strategic value. By merging Surge’s lithium expertise and mineral rights with Evolution’s 75% stake in 880 acres of private land – and over 21,000 added acres nearby – the deal significantly increases the JV’s land position. The expanded acreage boosts the overall exploration area and brings in mineral rights in key southern zones, possible clay unit extensions to the north, and territory in historic mining districts and key drainage areas.

Importantly, Evolution’s staged funding speeds up completion of the PFS and helps NNLP reach development milestones while lowering capital risk for Surge shareholders. If Evolution completes its full commitment, it will own 32.5% of the JV, but Surge remains the lead partner. This setup means Surge still directs the project, while using Evolution’s operations know-how and resources. With a larger land package and a joint operating committee, NNLP is well on its way to Tier 1 status and is strengthening its spot in North America’s battery metals supply chain – vital for clean energy and EV growth.

Lithium Market Volatility and Project Risks

Like any mining venture, NNLP faces challenges. Lithium prices fell nearly 90% from their 2022 peak, but from June to September 2025, they rebounded 24%, showing early signs of recovery.

battery grade lithium price KR

This cyclical pattern reflects Katusa’s “cost floor” concept — production costs in China and Australia now average around $5,000–6,000 per tonne LCE, while South American and U.S. projects need about $8,000/t to stay profitable. If prices fall near those levels, high-cost mines pause output, tightening supply again and stabilizing prices.

Another factor is resource expansion. NNLP’s current resource is inferred, but the company expects to complete its current drilling program at NNLP by the end of October 2025. Once the results are released, the lithium resource will be upgraded from Inferred to Indicated and Measured categories. This step will strengthen confidence in the deposit’s scale and quality, supporting the upcoming Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS).

Permitting and community engagement also remain important; even in a mining-friendly state like Nevada, water use and land reclamation practices must meet strict environmental standards. 

Surge Battery Metals has emphasized sustainable practices, including water recycling and progressive site reclamation, as part of its exploration and development plan.

Competition is growing, too. Lithium projects across South America, Australia, and Canada are advancing quickly. Still, Nevada’s combination of stable governance, established mining laws, and proximity to major battery plants gives U.S. projects like NNLP a strong advantage.

A National View: U.S. Lithium Resources and Reserves

The U.S. is home to some of the world’s largest lithium reserves, but it still underdevelops them. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, global lithium reserves total around 21 million tonnes, with the U.S. holding roughly 12%. Nevada alone hosts the country’s biggest lithium resources, concentrated in the Thacker Pass region and the northern claystone belts – where NNLP is located.

washington's lithium push

Unlocking these resources is vital. Every new project that moves forward strengthens the domestic supply chain and supports national goals to lead in clean energy technology.

MUST READ: Every Lithium Stock Just Woke Up From a 3-Year Coma

What to Watch in 2025 and Beyond

Surge Battery Metals plans to continue advancing NNLP through new drilling campaigns and metallurgical studies in 2025. These programs aim to expand and upgrade resources, optimize extraction processes, and confirm the potential to produce battery-grade lithium carbonate with 99% purity. The company is also evaluating potential offtake partnerships with battery and automotive manufacturers.

Analysts and investors will be watching for:

  • Updated resource estimates and grade expansion
  • Progress toward pre-feasibility studies
  • Partnerships or funding deals with strategic investors
  • Regulatory updates supporting U.S. critical mineral development

Positive results in these areas could accelerate NNLP’s move toward construction and help it become one of the first next-generation lithium clay projects to enter U.S. production.

Powering the U.S. Energy Future

The U.S. faces a widening gap between lithium supply and demand that could slow its clean-energy transition. Katusa Research projects a 400,000-tonne global supply shortfall by 2035, roughly the world’s entire 2020 output – a deficit that could keep prices elevated long term.

lithium supply and demand forecast KR
Source: Katusa Research

Surge Battery Metals’ Nevada North Lithium Project provides a realistic and timely opportunity to help close that divide. With its high-grade resource, strong economics, strategic location, and environmental focus, NNLP could play a central role in building a stable, self-sufficient lithium supply for the United States.

As the nation races to electrify transportation and decarbonize energy, projects like NNLP will be critical. They are not only about producing lithium – they are about powering the next chapter of American industry and ensuring that the clean-energy future is built on secure, sustainable ground.

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Google Invests in First Carbon Capture to Power AI and Cut Emissions

Jennifer L
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0
Google Invests in First Carbon Capture to Power AI and Cut Emissions

Google announced a major new project: it will support a U.S. power plant outfitted with carbon-capture and storage (CCS) technology. The plant, owned by Broadwing Energy in Decatur, Illinois, will capture about 90% of its CO₂ emissions. The tech giant agreed to buy most of the electricity the plant produces.  

By backing this plant, Google aims to help build a reliable, low-carbon power source for its data centers in the U.S. Midwest. It also hopes to speed up the use of CCS technology globally.

The Science of Trapping Carbon: How CCS Works

CCS stands for carbon capture and storage. It involves three main steps:

  • Capture: Pulling CO₂ from a power plant or factory.
  • Transport: Moving the CO₂, often via pipelines.
  • Store: Injecting the CO₂ deep underground where it can’t escape.

This technology is especially important for power plants that burn natural gas or coal. It is also key for factories in heavy industries, like steel and cement, which produce large emissions.

Global experts such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) say CCS will play a major role in reaching climate goals.

CCS operational and planned capacity IEA
Source: IEA

Google’s deal highlights this role. By linking a power plant deal to its own data center needs, the company is showing how big tech can strengthen the clean energy transition.

Inside Google’s Illinois CCS Project

The Illinois plant will be a natural 5gas power facility built by Broadwing Energy. It will capture up to 90% of the CO₂ it produces. Google will buy the bulk of its electricity output.

The plant is sized at more than 400 megawatts (MW). It will include advanced equipment and a large carbon-capture unit. The deal was announced by Google and infrastructure partner I Squared Capital (through its affiliate Low Carbon Infrastructure).

Google said the project will feed power to its data centers in the region, help reduce emissions, and make clean “firm power” (power available around the clock) more affordable. This is important because many renewable sources like wind and solar have variable output.

Google stated:

“Today we’re excited to announce a first-of-its-kind corporate agreement to support a gas power plant with CCS. Broadwing Energy, located in Decatur, Illinois, will capture and permanently store approximately 90% of its CO2 emissions. We hope it will accelerate the path for CCS technology to become more accessible and affordable globally, helping to increase generating capacity while enabling emission reductions.”

How Big is the CCS Market?

The CCS market has grown rapidly. One estimate values it at $8.6 billion in 2024, with a projected annual rate of 16% through 2034. At that pace, the market could reach $51.5 billion by 2034.

CCS market size, by technology 2034

Another estimate places the market size in 2024 at $3.68 billion, with growth to $5.61 billion by 2030. The power generation sector is a major part of the market. One report says 37% of the market was from power generation in 2024.

For data centers and tech companies like Google, CCS offers reliable low-carbon power. Given that global data center emissions may reach 2.5 billion tons of CO₂ through 2030, major tech firms are under pressure to decarbonize.

Experts also project that global CCS capacity will quadruple, reaching around 430 million tonnes of CO₂ per year from today’s 50 million tonnes. Investments of about $80 billion are expected over the next five years. North America and Europe currently lead, holding roughly 80% of growth projects, while China and other regions also scale up.

DNV_CCS_forecast_2050_CCS_uptake_in_selected_regions
Source: DNV

CCS currently addresses only 6% of the emissions needed for net-zero by mid-century. Experts still see it as key for hard-to-decarbonize industries like cement, steel, and hydrogen production.

Breaking New Ground in Clean Firm Power

This is the first time a major tech company has agreed to buy electricity from a power plant using CCS at this commercial scale in the U.S.

The deal brings several important benefits:

  • Google secures “firm” power for its data centers, reducing risks from intermittent renewable supply.
  • CCS gives a path to cut emissions from fossil fuel plants rather than shutting them down entirely.
  • It creates a business model for future CCS deals, making the technology more accessible and scalable.

For Google, the deal advances its goal of running on clean energy and especially 24/7 carbon-free power by 2030. For the broader industry, it sends a signal that large corporations support CCS and are willing to back it financially.

Hurdles Ahead for Carbon Capture

Despite the promise, CCS still faces hurdles. The upfront cost is high, and many projects require government incentives or strong contracts to make economic sense.

Another challenge is scale. According to a 2024 study, CCS capacity by 2030 may reach only 0.07–0.37 gigatonnes (Gt) CO₂ per year, which is just a small part of what’s needed to meet climate goals.

CCS capacity additions 2030
Source: DNV Report

For Google’s project and others like it to succeed, they will need strong regulation, clear carbon pricing, and reliable storage sites. Also, transparency and long-term monitoring are critical to ensure the CO₂ stays underground.

The Illinois plant is a start. If it runs successfully, it could spawn many more projects in power generation and industry. Corporations, utilities, and governments may replicate the model.

The Big Picture: From Data Centers to Decarbonization

Tech companies are building ever-larger data centers to fuel artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and global connectivity. This drives huge electricity demand. Google’s CCS deal shows one way to manage that demand while cutting carbon.

CCS combined with clean power can help sectors that cannot easily switch to renewables. Power plants that run on natural gas or industries like cement and steel may use CCS to reduce emissions.

For Google, the new deal helps it reach its sustainability targets, supports its data-center operations, and sets an example for other firms. The chart below shows the company’s emission reduction progress. For the climate, it offers a template for building low-carbon power systems at scale.

Google carbon emissions 2024
Source: Google

Final Thoughts: A Pivotal Moment for Clean Power

Google’s agreement signals a shift: clean, firm power is becoming a business reality, not just a promise. By backing a CCS-enabled gas power plant, Google is aligning business needs with carbon reduction goals.

The global CCS market is expanding fast. Estimates show billions of dollars flowing into the technology. But scaling remains challenging — cost, policy, and geology all play a role.

If the Illinois plant succeeds, it may influence how corporations, utilities, and governments design power systems in the future. It could help unlock CCS as one of the tools in the broader energy transition toolbox.

Bitcoin Mining Stocks Hit New Highs on AI Pivot with CleanSpark Leading the Pack

Jennifer L
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0
Bitcoin Mining Stocks Hit New Highs on AI Pivot with CleanSpark Leading the Pack

Bitcoin mining stocks jumped sharply this week after several big companies said they will expand into artificial intelligence (AI). Many miners now plan to use their computers and power systems for AI data centers, not just for Bitcoin.

CleanSpark led the rally after announcing its move into AI. The shift shows how fast the mining industry is changing as companies look for new ways to earn money.

CleanSpark Ignites the Rally

Las Vegas–based CleanSpark saw its shares rise as much as 13% on October 21, 2025. The company said it will build and run data centers made for AI computing, in addition to mining Bitcoin.

CleanSpark stock AI

CleanSpark also hired Jeffrey Thomas, a veteran with more than 40 years of experience, as Senior Vice President of AI Data Centers. Thomas once led Saudi Arabia’s multi-billion-dollar AI data center program. He has helped create about $12 billion in shareholder value across 19 companies.

Thomas remarked:

“CleanSpark is at a pivotal moment in its journey. Together, we have a tremendous opportunity to deliver exceptional solutions for our customers while creating long-term value for shareholders and positioning CleanSpark at the center of the AI and intelligent computing revolution.”

The company already secured land and extra power in College Park, Georgia, near Atlanta, to build its first AI sites. It is also studying more possible locations in other U.S. states.

The news came as Bitcoin prices climbed back above $110,000, recovering from earlier drops when the price fell from highs above $126,000 in early October.

bitcoin price

More Miners Follow the Same Path

CleanSpark is not alone. Many mining companies are now trying to grow beyond Bitcoin. The reason is clear: mining rewards have fallen, and energy costs are rising.

After Bitcoin’s 2024 halving, rewards for miners dropped from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC. This made mining less profitable, pushing companies to look for other income sources.

Companies like Marathon Digital Holdings, Riot Platforms, Canaan, Core Scientific, Bitdeer Technologies, Hut 8, Cipher Mining, and TeraWulf have all announced similar plans. Their stocks also rose:

  • Marathon Digital gained 7.97% to $21.13.
  • Riot Platforms jumped 11.21% to $22.28.
  • Canaan, a hardware maker in China, surged about 28%.

Publicly traded Bitcoin miners raised more than $4.6 billion through loans and convertible notes in late 2024 and early 2025 to fund their AI projects.

The CoinShares Bitcoin Mining ETF, which tracks the sector, has soared 160% this year. Investors are clearly excited about the shift toward AI.

Why Miners Are Betting on AI

The move to AI computing makes sense for miners. They already own powerful hardware, data centers, and energy contracts. These can easily be used for AI instead of crypto.

AI systems need large amounts of electricity and fast processors to train and run models. Bitcoin miners already have this setup. By shifting to AI workloads, they can earn money even when Bitcoin prices are low.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global demand for AI data centers could reach over 1,000 terawatt-hours per year by 2030 — about the same as all of Japan’s electricity use today.

data center electricity use 2035
Source: IEA

The global AI infrastructure market could be worth $1.3 trillion by 2032, growing around 25% each year. That makes it one of the fastest-growing industries in the world.

For miners, the message is simple: if Bitcoin mining is less profitable, AI computing can fill the gap and create steady revenue.

From Mining Rigs to AI Powerhouses

AI computing and Bitcoin mining use similar technology. Both rely on high-performance processors to handle huge amounts of data.

Miners already operate powerful chips, cooling systems, and strong electricity connections. They can reuse all these to run AI and high-performance computing (HPC) jobs.

CleanSpark plans to build hybrid data centers — some for Bitcoin, others for AI workloads. Likewise, Core Scientific said it will set aside part of its 1.3-gigawatt capacity for AI clients. Other companies are exploring similar plans.

This model could change the industry. Instead of just mining coins, these firms could become “compute providers” — selling power and computing to AI companies, research labs, and cloud platforms.

Investors See Opportunity Beyond Bitcoin

Investors like this new direction. It means miners no longer depend only on Bitcoin’s price swings. They can earn a steady income from long-term contracts with AI firms.

The IEA says global electricity use from data centers could double by 2030, largely because of AI. The U.S. has about 40% of the world’s data center capacity, but new projects face delays due to power and permitting issues.

data center electricity demand due AI 2030

Bitcoin miners already have access to large power sources. This gives them an edge when building new AI sites. They can repurpose their existing energy deals for AI computing, cutting startup time and costs.

Still, experts warn that running AI data centers is not easy. It needs new software, specialized equipment, and skilled workers. It also takes longer to make a profit compared to Bitcoin mining, which can adjust quickly to market prices.

Energy Use and the ESG Equation

Energy use remains a key concern for both AI and Bitcoin mining. The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance estimates Bitcoin mining uses about 120 terawatt-hours of electricity each year, roughly equal to Argentina’s total use.

bitcoin electricity consumption 2025
Source: Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance

Mining companies are trying to improve their environmental impact. CleanSpark says it sources most of its electricity from renewable or low-carbon energy. It plans to apply the same approach to its AI expansion.

Switching to AI could also make mining more efficient. Many AI centers use advanced cooling systems and can run on renewable energy more easily than older mining farms.

This could help miners meet environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals while supporting the growth of clean digital infrastructure.

A New Era of Digital Infrastructure

The rise of AI has opened a new chapter for Bitcoin miners. What began as a niche focused on crypto now looks more like a digital infrastructure industry that powers AI, data analytics, and renewable energy systems.

If the transition succeeds, mining companies could become important players in the global computing market. They would supply power and servers for everything from AI model training to smart grid management.

For investors, this change offers both opportunity and risk. It provides exposure to two fast-growing industries — crypto and AI — but also depends on how well miners adapt.

Analysts say the key will be execution. Building AI centers takes time and money, and not all miners will succeed. But those who manage the shift well could become leaders in clean, high-tech energy and computing. They will shape the next phase of digital infrastructure — one that connects blockchain, AI, and sustainable power.

Amazon and Cascade SMRs: Redefining America’s Clean Energy for AI and Cloud Computing

Saptakee S
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0
Amazon and Cascade SMRs: Redefining America’s Clean Energy for AI and Cloud Computing

Amazon is taking a bold step toward the next frontier of clean energy. In Washington state, the company is helping to build one of the United States’ first small modular reactor (SMR) facilities. This innovative nuclear energy project could redefine how big tech powers artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and data centers.

The upcoming Cascade Advanced Energy Facility will be one of the first commercial SMR sites in the U.S. Developed by Energy Northwest and X-energy, this project represents a major milestone in the shift toward reliable, carbon-free energy for a rapidly digitizing world.

Bob Schuetz, CEO of Energy Northwest, said,

“Today marks a pivotal step forward in bringing this transformative project to life. We are proud to be at the forefront of deploying advanced nuclear technology in the region—driving next-generation solutions that strengthen energy security and position the Pacific Northwest as a clean energy leader.”

global data center energy demand
Source: IEA

Cascade: The Nuclear Powerhouse Behind Amazon’s Digital Future

Amazon’s data centers are the digital backbone of modern life—running AI models, streaming services, and e-commerce systems that demand massive amounts of electricity. As power needs grow, traditional renewable sources like solar and wind alone can’t always meet 24/7 demand. That’s where nuclear energy steps in.

  • The Cascade facility, located near Richland, Washington, will produce up to 960 megawatts (MW) of clean electricity using X-energy’s Xe-100 advanced reactor design.

The project will start with four SMRs generating 320 MW, with expansion plans for up to 12 units. Construction is expected to begin before 2030, with operations commencing in the early 2030s.

Kara Hurst, Chief Sustainability Officer, Amazon, commented:

“Seeing these renderings is truly inspiring, and a reminder that innovation and sustainability go hand in hand. This project isn’t just about new technology; it’s about creating a reliable source of carbon-free energy that will support our growing digital world. I’m excited about the potential of SMRs and the positive impact they will have on both the environment and local communities.”

Here’s a snapshot of the project site:

cascade nuclear smr Amazon
Source: Cascade

SMRs: A Smaller, Safer, and Scalable Future

SMRs represent the next evolution in nuclear energy. They’re designed to be smaller, safer, and faster to deploy than conventional reactors. The modular layout allows facilities like Cascade to scale as demand grows—making it a perfect match for AI-powered data centers that require continuous, high-capacity electricity.

Xe-100 Advanced Reactor Features​

Each Xe-100 reactor will use a High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) and advanced fuel, improving safety and efficiency. The design minimizes the risk of overheating and eliminates the need for large water-cooling systems, which are standard in older nuclear plants.

Key advantages include:

  • 80 MW per reactor module with a 60-year design life.
  • Modular construction allows components to be built off-site and transported via rail or road.
  • Continuous online refueling, reducing downtime, and increasing efficiency.
  • Walk-away safe design with passive safety systems that eliminate the risk of overheating.
  • Fuel that cannot melt, further enhancing safety.

Unlike traditional gigawatt-scale reactors that occupy vast tracts of land, Cascade’s compact design will fit on a few city blocks. Each SMR is modular, which means parts can be factory-built and assembled on-site, reducing costs and construction time.

The environmental advantage is clear: SMRs provide round-the-clock, carbon-free electricity without the intermittency challenges of solar or wind. This makes them a critical piece of the clean energy puzzle for tech-driven economies.

According to J. Clay Sell, CEO of X-energy, said

“The support of Amazon has enabled us to accelerate progress on our technology, grow our team, and position the Cascade Advanced Energy Facility at the forefront of energy innovation.”

Jobs, Training, and Local Benefits

Once the Cascade project is complete, the facility will create over 1,000 construction jobs and more than 100 permanent positions in nuclear operations, engineering, and technical maintenance.

To build a skilled local workforce, Columbia Basin College in Pasco, Washington, is developing an Energy Learning Center with a sophisticated Xe-100 control room simulator. Think of it as a flight simulator for nuclear operators.

The press release also revealed that the simulator will train future plant operators, engineers, and technicians in collaboration with Washington State University Tri-Cities and is set to open in late 2025.

This initiative, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), provides students with hands-on experience in advanced nuclear technology—bridging the gap between classroom learning and real-world careers.

Amazon’s Growing Nuclear Portfolio

Amazon’s investment in Cascade is part of a broader strategy to diversify its clean energy sources. The company has already invested billions of dollars in carbon-free technologies, including nuclear power, through its Climate Pledge Fund.

This fund supports companies developing scalable solutions to decarbonize energy systems. Amazon’s capital investment in X-energy is expected to help bring over 5 gigawatts (GW) of new nuclear capacity to the U.S. grid by 2039—enough to power 3.8 million homes.

Clean Energy Beyond Renewables

Amazon is the world’s largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy, with over 600 clean energy projects operating globally. It had already reached 100% renewable electricity worldwide—seven years ahead of its 2030 goal.

However, as AI and cloud energy demands soar, renewables alone won’t suffice. Amazon’s focus on nuclear underscores a key point: the data-driven future needs constant, scalable, carbon-free power.

According to a DNV report, AI-focused data centers could require 10 times more power over the next five years. Meeting that demand will require a mix of renewables, nuclear, and other carbon-free technologies.

Amazon AI energy demand
Source: Axios

Amazon’s approach is clear: continue expanding renewable energy while also investing in stable, long-duration power sources like SMRs that can provide consistent baseload power. Nuclear energy complements renewables by filling the gaps when solar and wind output fluctuate.

Building the Energy Infrastructure of Tomorrow

The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that global energy demand grew 2.2% in 2024, outpacing the decade’s average. Industrial activity now drives nearly 40% of global electricity use, and the rise of digital services and AI compounds this demand.

Amazon’s nuclear investments aim to meet this target. The Cascade project will not only add clean power to the regional grid but also strengthen the U.S. energy infrastructure and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

IEA nuclear
Source: IEA

Beyond decarbonization, these efforts create economic opportunities for local communities through job creation, tax revenue, and the establishment of a clean energy supply chain in the Pacific Northwest.

Thus, from renewables to nuclear, Amazon’s energy strategy is redefining what it means for technology companies to lead in climate action. As the Cascade facility takes shape, it could become a model for how advanced nuclear energy powers the next phase of the global clean energy transition—fueling both innovation and sustainability, one reactor at a time.

Tesla (TSLA) Stock Slips After Q3 Results as Carbon Credit Revenue Plunges 44%

Jennifer L
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0
Tesla (TSLA) Stock Slips After Q3 Results as Carbon Credit Revenue Plunges 44%

Tesla today released its third-quarter 2025 results. The company posted $28.1 billion in revenue, up 12 % compared with a year ago. Net income narrowed sharply to $1.4 billion, down roughly 37 % from the same quarter in 2024. The gross margin stood at about 18 %, down from 19.8 % a year earlier.

Vehicle deliveries reached a record 497,099 units, driven largely by strong demand ahead of the U.S. federal EV tax-credit expiration. Energy storage deployments grew, but Tesla reported a revenue drop.

More notably, sales from regulatory credits, also known as carbon credits, fell to $417 million, down 44% from last year.

Tesla highlighted operational strength in production and clean energy expansion. It also recognized outside pressures. These included falling carbon credit sales, higher costs, and a more competitive EV market. All of these factors affected profit margins.

CEO Elon Musk said Tesla is “staying focused on cost control and scaling clean energy.” He added that the company is improving factory automation and AI systems while expanding into new markets.

Carbon Credits Lose Power

Tesla’s carbon credit sales fell again in Q3. The company earned $417 million from selling credits, down 44% compared with $739 million a year earlier.

Tesla carbon credit quarterly revenue

For years, these credits have provided Tesla with extra income. The company makes money by selling zero-emission vehicles. Then, it sells the credits to automakers that don’t meet emission standards.

Major buyers include Stellantis (formerly Fiat Chrysler) and General Motors. They use Tesla’s credits to reduce higher fleet emissions. In Europe, Toyota, Ford, Mazda, and Subaru have joined pooling arrangements linked to Tesla and other EV makers. These credit deals remain a key income source for Tesla, even as rival automakers expand their own EV lineups.

Between 2019 and 2024, Tesla made more than $11.8 billion in credit sales. But as other automakers launch more electric models, demand for Tesla’s credits is declining. Analysts say this trend will continue as the EV market matures and countries tighten credit systems.

However, expected revenues will gradually decline. This will happen as global manufacturers meet stricter carbon standards and depend less on external credits.

Tesla’s CFO noted that while carbon credit income still helps overall results, it is now a smaller part of the company’s total revenue. The company’s goal is to rely on vehicle and energy product sales instead of external credits in the long run.

ESG Edge: Tesla’s Ongoing Climate Impact

Tesla continues to lead in cutting transportation-related emissions through its EVs and renewable energy systems. In 2025, the company estimated that its global fleet helped avoid more than 20 million tons of CO₂ compared with gas-powered vehicles.

Its Gigafactories use renewable power where possible. For example:

  • The Nevada Gigafactory sources most of its electricity from solar panels and nearby renewables.
  • The Texas Gigafactory plans to reach 100% renewable electricity by 2026.
  • The Berlin-Brandenburg Gigafactory uses energy from wind and solar farms in Germany.

In 2024, Tesla said its operations emitted around 1.6 million tons of CO₂-equivalent, mostly from manufacturing. However, it aims to reach net-zero operations by 2030, partly through on-site renewables and energy efficiency upgrades.

The company’s battery recycling program also expanded this year. Tesla said it processed over 10,000 tons of battery materials in 2025, recovering more than 90% of key metals such as nickel, lithium, and cobalt. This helps reduce both mining demand and production costs.

Market Reaction and Stock Outlook

Tesla’s stock traded lower after the Q3 results. Investors focused on shrinking profit margins and weaker credit income. Shares fell about 4% in after-hours trading following the announcement.

Tesla TSLA stock price

However, analysts noted that Tesla’s strong vehicle deliveries and growing energy business remain long-term positives. The company still holds about $29 billion in cash, giving it flexibility for new factory investments and product launches.

Tesla is also developing new products that could shape its next growth phase:

  • Cybertruck deliveries are ramping up, with full-scale production expected in 2026.
  • The next-generation “Redwood” compact EV is under development, targeting a lower-price market.
  • The Dojo AI supercomputer continues to expand to improve autonomous-driving systems.

Analysts project that Tesla’s annual deliveries could reach 1.9 million units in 2025, up from 1.8 million in 2024. But the company must maintain cost control and increase battery supply to stay competitive.

Tesla remains the top global EV brand, but its market share is shrinking. Companies like BYD, Hyundai, Volkswagen, and GM are expanding fast. BYD alone sold over 3 million EVs in 2024, close to Tesla’s total deliveries.

BYD vs Tesla EV sales

Costs are another challenge. Prices for lithium and nickel, key battery metals, have been volatile. Benchmark Mineral Intelligence reported that lithium carbonate prices rose nearly 25% in early 2025 after a sharp fall in 2024.

Tesla is working to reduce these risks through in-house battery production and supply deals. It is also developing its “Optimus” robot and expanding its Full Self-Driving (FSD) software, which could bring new recurring revenue in the future.

Policy Shifts and the Carbon Economy

Tesla’s position in carbon markets is also tied to global climate policy trends. The federal EV tax credits ended in 2025 after new legislation. The change removed the $7,500 credit for many new EV buyers and the $4,000 used-EV credit.

This shift reduces a key buyer incentive in the U.S. and may affect EV demand and pricing going forward. Meanwhile, in Europe, new carbon border taxes could make manufacturing outside the region more costly.

Globally, voluntary carbon markets are growing by about 20% each year. However, regulators are pushing for stricter verification standards.

Tesla’s carbon credit decline fits a broader pattern—many automakers are now earning their own credits instead of buying them. The shift signals progress toward wider EV adoption but also limits a once-steady source of profit for Tesla.

Beyond Cars: Tesla’s Clean Energy Expansion

Beyond cars, Tesla’s energy division remains a major growth area. The company is scaling up battery-storage products like Powerwall for homes and Megapack for utilities.

In 2025, global installations of Tesla’s energy storage exceeded 40 GWh, up 16% year over year. These systems help stabilize power grids and integrate renewable energy.

Tesla energy storage deployment Q3 2025
Source: Tesla

Tesla also said its solar installations reached 280 MW in the quarter, a 9% increase. Although still a small part of total revenue, solar and storage help diversify the business as the company moves closer to its clean-energy mission.

Looking forward, Tesla plans to:

  • Increase battery recycling capacity by 50% by 2026.
  • Expand Megapack production in California and China.
  • Develop lower-cost energy products for homes and small businesses.

These steps aim to make Tesla not just an automaker but a full-scale clean energy company.

Bottom Line: Growth Meets Reality

Tesla’s Q3 2025 results show solid growth but shrinking profits. Vehicle deliveries set a new record, and the energy business expanded. Yet, weaker margins and falling carbon credit sales highlight growing challenges for Tesla.

From an ESG perspective, Tesla remains a major player in global decarbonization. Its EVs and clean energy systems continue to reduce emissions worldwide. But maintaining that leadership will depend on cost discipline, stable policies, and innovation in both batteries and AI systems.

As the company enters the final quarter of 2025, investors will watch closely for signs of margin recovery and progress on new product lines. The next few quarters will show whether Tesla can balance fast growth with profitability, while staying true to its sustainability mission.

FURTHER READINGS: 

BlackRock, ExxonMobil Lead New Global Coalition to Fix Carbon Accounting

Jennifer L
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BlackRock, ExxonMobil Lead New Global Coalition to Fix Carbon Accounting

A new coalition of major global companies has launched an effort to fix how the world measures and reports carbon emissions. The group, called Carbon Measures, includes BlackRock’s Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), ExxonMobil, and Banco Santander. They aim to build a clear and dependable global system. It will track carbon emissions in various industries and supply chains.

The coalition wants to solve the long-standing issue of “double counting.” This happens when several organizations claim the same emissions or reductions. It will also create new standards for measuring carbon intensity at the product level, from electricity and steel to cement and fuels.

The Need for Better Carbon Accounting

Carbon accounting measures greenhouse gas emissions. It’s essential for corporate climate action. Yet, many experts say current systems are weak and inconsistent.

Recent studies show that most corporate carbon data lacks accuracy. Less than 16% of carbon credits show real emission cuts, based on multiple independent reviews. Other reports show that over half of companies misreport or underreport their Scope 3 emissions. These emissions come from suppliers, customers, and logistics.

Even with growing corporate climate pledges, global emissions hit a record 37.4 billion metric tons in 2024, up 1.1% from the previous year. The gap between reported progress and real emissions continues to widen. This makes reliable data more important than ever.

Carbon Measures wants to address this problem by using verified data and financial-style rules. If it works, the coalition might change how companies, investors, and regulators see carbon performance.

How Carbon Measures Works

The coalition plans to design a ledger-based accounting system modeled on financial reporting. Each emission entry will be tracked and verified to prevent overlap or duplication. The approach takes ideas from finance. It uses consistent documentation, audits, and clear transparency standards.

Amy Brachio, the CEO and former global sustainability head at EY, says the new system will make carbon data clear, comparable, and precise. Her leadership brings over 30 years of experience in corporate sustainability and accounting systems. She said:

“For decades, precise and comparable data has been something of a holy grail in emissions tracking. Carbon Measures wants to build a system that unleashes competition, investment, and faster emissions reduction.”

The organization will start by developing standards for carbon intensity in major industrial sectors, such as:

  • Electricity and energy generation

  • Steel and cement production

  • Chemicals and fuels

These sectors are major greenhouse gas emitters. They account for nearly 70% of global industrial emissions. Consistent metrics could greatly impact the world’s decarbonization goals.

Industry Leaders Join Forces: Who’s Backing the Plan

Carbon Measures has attracted companies from across energy, finance, and manufacturing. Founding members are ADNOC, Air Liquide, BASF, Bayer, Honeywell, Linde, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, NextEra Energy, Nucor, and Vale.

ExxonMobil CEO Darren Woods said that better data will help the industry manage emissions more effectively, saying:

“If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it. A standard carbon accounting system will create a foundation for fair competition and effective climate action.”

Banco Santander’s Executive Chair Ana Botín added that the framework aims to make carbon reporting globally comparable.

The group includes both financial institutions and industrial companies. This mix shows how broad the impact of carbon measurement has grown.

For investors, accurate emissions data is now part of assessing financial risk. Manufacturers may face market access issues. More countries are adding carbon border taxes and product labeling rules.

A Booming Market for Carbon Truth

Carbon Measures launches at a time when both regulation and demand for transparency are rising. The carbon accounting software market is set to rise from $18 billion in 2024 to over $100 billion by 2032. This growth shows how companies feel the pressure to track and report accurately.

Carbon-Accounting-Software-Market

The compliance carbon credit market, which has government regulations, was valued at around $113 billion in 2024. It could grow to over $500 billion by 2030, based on industry estimates.

global carbon credit market size 2030
Source: Industry reports; BloombergNEF

Despite these investments, inconsistencies in carbon tracking have limited real progress. Many offsets used by firms have failed verification tests. For example, research found that only about 11% of forestry offsets delivered the emission cuts they claimed. Such findings have weakened confidence in voluntary carbon markets.

Carbon Measures seeks to rebuild that trust. The group aims to help investors and regulators by blending financial accuracy with science-based metrics. This way, they can tell real emission reductions from exaggerated claims.

The Hard Road to a Global Carbon Standard

Building a global standard will not be easy. Carbon data is complex, and each company collects it differently. Many developing countries also lack the technology or infrastructure for detailed measurement.

To succeed, Carbon Measures must:

  • Align with existing frameworks like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Science-Based Targets initiative.

  • Ensure independent verification to maintain data credibility.

  • Encourage participation from both the private and public sectors to avoid fragmented systems.

The group is expected to release its first set of draft standards in 2026, starting with the power and steel industries. Analysts say regulators will closely watch the coalition’s progress. They are preparing new climate disclosure laws.

Another challenge lies in data integration. Companies must track emissions throughout long global supply chains. These chains often include hundreds of smaller suppliers. This requires advanced digital tools, including blockchain systems and artificial intelligence. They ensure traceability from raw materials to finished products.

Toward Transparent and Comparable Carbon Data

If Carbon Measures succeeds, it could redefine how the world values carbon performance. Clear, verifiable data could direct trillions of dollars toward clean technologies and efficient production.

Reliable accounting helps companies avoid accusations of “greenwashing.” This means they won’t make false or exaggerated environmental claims. It may also enable regulators to design better carbon pricing systems, linking policy and data more effectively.

Experts believe this kind of market transparency could speed up the global energy transition. The International Energy Agency says we need over $4 trillion each year for clean energy to hit net zero by 2050. Accurate carbon data can help guide where that money goes.

IEA new net zero roadmap 2050
Source: IEA

As global supply chains decarbonize, accurate tracking will become a competitive advantage. Investors and consumers increasingly prefer companies that can show measurable and verified progress.

Carbon Measures, backed by some of the world’s largest firms, signals that carbon accounting is moving from theory to execution. It shows that data — not just pledges — will define the next phase of corporate climate action.

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